Surgical Outcomes and Genomic Insights of Nonclear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With Synchronous and Metachronous Nodal Disease.

Introduction: Oncological outcomes in patients with nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma (non-ccRCC) treated with surgery for locoregional nodal disease (ND) remain incompletely characterized. The objective was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of non-ccRCC patients treated with lymph node dissection (LND) and salvage-LND (S-LND).

Methods: A total of 1627 patients underwent nephrectomy for nonmetastatic non-ccRCC at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 2007 and 2023.

Prognostic Factors for Survival in Patients Undergoing Surveillance After Cytoreductive Nephrectomy.

Purpose: The clinical course of patients being placed on surveillance in a cohort of systemic therapy-naïve patients who undergo cytoreductive nephrectomy is not well documented. Thus, we evaluated the clinical course of patients placed on surveillance following cytoreductive nephrectomy and identified predictors of survival.

Materials And Methods: In this large single-institution study, we retrospectively analyzed metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by surveillance.

Advances in Imaging-Based Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Critical Analysis of the Current Literature.

Cross-sectional imaging is the standard diagnostic tool to determine underlying biology in renal masses, which is crucial for subsequent treatment. Currently, standard CT imaging is limited in its ability to differentiate benign from malignant disease. Therefore, various modalities have been investigated to identify imaging-based parameters to improve the noninvasive diagnosis of renal masses and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes.

The Natural History of Renal-Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation, a Stage-by-Stage Analysis.

Background: Sarcomatoid differentiation in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) imply aggressive behavior and often metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. We aim to examine the overall survival (OS) in patients with sRCC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Materials And Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with sRCC between 2010-2015.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy is associated with less cardiac toxicity than combination therapy.

Background: Treatment options for many cancers include immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy and combination therapy with impressive clinical benefit across cancers. We sought to define the comparative cardiac risks of ICI combination and monotherapy.

Methods: We used VigiBase, the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, to identify cardiac ADRs (cADRs), such as carditis, heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and valvular dysfunction, related to ICI therapy.

Surgical Complications Requiring Intervention in Open versus Minimally Invasive Radical Prostatectomy.

Introduction: Injuries to surrounding structures during radical prostatectomy (RP) are rare but serious complications. However, it remains unknown if injuries to intestines, rectum, or vascular structures occur at different rates depending on the surgical approach.

Methods: We compared the frequency of these outcomes in open RP (ORP) and minimally invasive RP (MIS-RP) using the national American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2012-2017).

Lessons from Pharmacovigilance: Pulmonary Immune-Related Adverse Events After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Purpose: To characterize pulmonary toxicities associated with the use of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors METHODS: Adverse event reports from immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/L1 and CTLA-4 were captured from the W.H.O pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase) up until Dec.

Recovery from minimally invasive vs. open surgery in kidney cancer patients: Opioid use and workplace absenteeism.

Purpose: Does surgical approach (minimally invasive vs. open) and type (radical vs. partial nephrectomy) affects opioid use and workplace absenteeism.

Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Testicular Cancer in the United States over the Past Four Decades.

Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid-organ neoplasm among young men, with variable incidence across racial groups. Testicular cancer incidence has increased since the 1970s, most notably among white men. Such trends in testicular cancer remain poorly understood.

Risk factors and reasons for reoperation after radical cystectomy.

Purpose: Reoperation after radical cystectomy (RC) is common but the types of reoperation after RC and associated risk factors have not been fully characterized. Here, we provide a detailed, contemporary account of the factors that drive surgical reoperation within the first 30-days after surgery, identify at risk patient populations, and describe common reoperations.

Materials And Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2012-2017) was analyzed to identify 30-day reoperation rates after RC.

Trends in Adherence to Thromboprophylaxis Guideline in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To examine the use of in-hospital pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis (PTP) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy between 2004 and 2014 and to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) across the study period.

Material And Methods: We identified 8322 patients without contraindications to PTP undergoing radical cystectomy in the US using the Premier Healthcare Database. Nonparametric Wilcoxon type test for trend was employed to examine the trend of PTP utilization across the study period.

Comparative Study of Prepectoral and Subpectoral Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction and Clavien IIIb Score Outcomes.

Unlabelled: Prepectoral breast reconstruction is increasingly popular. This study compares complications between 2 subpectoral and 1 prepectoral breast reconstruction technique.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2015, 294 two-staged expander breast reconstructions in 213 patients were performed with 1 of 3 surgical techniques: (1) Prepectoral, (2) subpectoral with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) sling ("Classic"), or (3) subpectoral/subserratus expander placement without ADM ("No ADM").

Propensity-matched comparison of morbidity and costs of open and robot-assisted radical cystectomies: a contemporary population-based analysis in the United States.

Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is a morbid procedure associated with high costs. Limited population-based data exist on the complication profile and costs of robot-assisted RC (RARC) compared with open RC (ORC).

Objective: To evaluate morbidity and cost differences between ORC and RARC.

A tissue graft model of DNA damage response in the normal and malignant human prostate.

Purpose: DNA damage responses are relevant to prostate cancer initiation, progression and treatment. Few models of the normal and malignant human prostate that maintain stromal-epithelial interactions in vivo exist in which to study DNA damage responses. We evaluated the feasibility of maintaining tissue slice grafts at subcutaneous vs subrenal capsular sites in RAG2(-/-)γC(-/-) mice to study the DNA damage responses of normal and malignant glands.

Patient-derived tissue slice grafts accurately depict response of high-risk primary prostate cancer to androgen deprivation therapy.

Background: Effective eradication of high-risk primary prostate cancer (HRPCa) could significantly decrease mortality from prostate cancer. However, the discovery of curative therapies for HRPCa is hampered by the lack of authentic preclinical models.

Methods: We improved upon tumorgraft models that have been shown to predict drug response in other cancer types by implanting thin, precision-cut slices of HRPCa under the renal capsule of immunodeficient mice.

Transcript levels of androgen receptor variant AR-V1 or AR-V7 do not predict recurrence in patients with prostate cancer at indeterminate risk for progression.

Purpose: AR-V7, a ligand independent splice variant of androgen receptor, may support the growth of castration resistant prostate cancer and have prognostic value. Another variant, AR-V1, interferes with AR-V7 activity. We investigated whether AR-V7 or V1 expression would predict biochemical recurrence in men at indeterminate (about 50%) risk for progression following radical prostatectomy.

Darinaparsin: solid tumor hypoxic cytotoxin and radiosensitizer.

Purpose: Hypoxia is an important characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment and constitutes a barrier for effective radiotherapy. Here, we studied the effects of darinaparsin (an arsenic cytotoxin) on survival and radiosensitivity of tumor cells in vitro under normoxia and hypoxia and in vivo using xenograft models, compared to effects on normal tissues.

Experimental Design: The cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of darinaparsin were first tested in vitro in a variety of solid tumor cell lines under both normoxia and hypoxia and compared with arsenic trioxide (ATO, an arsenical with reported cytotoxic and radiosensitizing activities on tumor cells).

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A promotes secretory differentiation in basal prostatic epithelial cells.

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) expression is associated with high-grade prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry showed that MAO-A is also expressed in the basal epithelial cells of normal prostate glands. Using cultured primary prostatic epithelial cells as a model, we showed that MAO-A prevents basal epithelial cells from differentiating into secretory cells.