Coronary artery calcification and high-volume physical activity: role of lower intensity vs. longer duration of exercise.

Aims: While high-volume physical activity (PA) has been linked to elevated coronary artery calcification (CAC), the role of intensity vs. duration of PA has not been investigated. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of intensity vs.

Association between baseline levels of muscular strength and risk of stroke in later life: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background: Muscular strength is an important component of physical fitness. We evaluated the relationship between baseline muscular strength and risk of stroke among adults who were aged ≥65 years during follow-up.

Methods: We included 7627 healthy adults (mean age = 43.

Omega-3 index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cognitive function in mid-age and older adults.

Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell membranes (omega-3 index or O3I) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with reduced cognitive impairment, but little research has examined the relationship between O3I and cognitive function while accounting for CRF. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5,464 healthy men and women aged 55-85 years who had preventive medical examinations between 2009 and 2023. Primary exposures included O3I (<4.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in Women with Metabolic Syndrome.

To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and all-cause mortality in women with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). The sample included 1798 women with MetSyn (mean age 50.2 years) who received a comprehensive preventive baseline examination between 1978 and 2016, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2017.

Associations among cardiorespiratory fitness, C-reactive protein, and all-cause mortality in men and women.

We examined individual and joint associations among high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness), and mortality in healthy men and women. Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2016, 30,077 adults (31.3% women) received a comprehensive physical examination.

Examining the Gradient of All-Cause Mortality Risk in Women across the Cardiorespiratory Fitness Continuum.

Purpose: Although cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in women, less is known regarding the gradient of mortality risk in women, particularly at the lower end of the CRF continuum.

Methods: A total of 17,901 healthy women (mean age, 45.9 yr) completed a baseline clinical examination, including a maximal treadmill exercise test at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, between 1971 and 2016.

Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Healthy Women: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Although physical inactivity, obesity, and low serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] are common among women, joint associations among these biomarkers are not well-described. A total of 7553 healthy women received a comprehensive examination (2006-2018), including self-reported physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist:height ratio (W:HT), percent body fat (%Fat), and 25(OH)D. Participants were divided into four categories of PA based on current guidelines: <500 (not meeting guidelines), 500-1000 (meeting guidelines), 1001-2500 (>1-2.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, white blood cell count, and mortality in men and women.

Background: We examined the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and white blood cell count (WBC) with mortality outcomes.

Methods: A total of 52,056 apparently healthy adults completed a comprehensive health examination, including a maximal treadmill test and blood chemistry analyses. CRF was categorized as high, moderate, or low by age and sex; WBC was categorized as sex-specific quartiles.

Fit and Tipsy? The Interrelationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Alcohol Consumption and Dependence.

Purpose: To examine whether higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are related to increased alcohol consumption and dependence among a large sample of adults attending a preventive medicine clinic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 38,653 apparently healthy patients who visited the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, TX) for preventive medical examinations (1988-2019) and enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. The primary independent variable was cardiorespiratory fitness, based on a maximal treadmill test, and the dependent variables were alcohol consumption and dependence (self-reported).

Body mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk over time: Findings from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Few studies have adequately assessed the simultaneous effects of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and body mass on cardiometabolic risk. Hence, the current study's aims were twofold: (1) To determine whether increases in body mass result in higher cardiometabolic risk after controlling for fitness changes; and (2) To assess whether increases in fitness result in lower cardiometabolic risk after controlling for weight changes. The study consisted of 3534 patients who came for preventive medicine visits ≥4 times over any 10-year period (1979-2019).

Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background: The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear.

Methods: We compared incident PC rates as a function of the Omega-3 Index [O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA)] in 5607 men (40-80 years of age) seen at the Cooper Clinic who were free of PC at baseline. The average follow-up was 5.

Increases in erythrocyte DHA are not associated with increases in LDL-cholesterol: Cooper center longitudinal study.

Background: The effects of fish oil products containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LDL-C levels are controversial.

Objective: To determine if changes in erythrocyte DHA are associated with changes in LDL-C levels.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, erythrocyte DHA levels and LDL-C levels were measured in 9253 individuals who presented for at least two examinations at a medical clinic.

Higher omega-3 index is associated with more rapid heart rate recovery in healthy men and women.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can favorably influence cardiac autonomic tone. However, data regarding n-3 PUFA status and heart rate recovery (HRR) in healthy adults are sparse.

Purpose: To examine the association between n-3 PUFA status and HRR.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Serum Vitamin D, and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Men.

Purpose: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), vitamin D deficiency, and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) are prevalent among U.S. adults.

Relevance of Fitness to Mortality Risk in Men Receiving Contemporary Medical Care.

Background: An inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality was robustly demonstrated 3 decades ago.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant advances in disease prevention, detection, and treatment since that time have modified this association.

Methods: A total of 47,862 men completed baseline examinations, including a maximal treadmill test.

Functional Movement Screening Performance and Association With Key Health Markers in Older Adults.

Farrell, SW, Pavlovic, A, Barlow, CE, Leonard, D, DeFina, JR, Willis, BL, DeFina, LF, and Haskell, WL. Functional movement screening performance and association with key health markers in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3021-3027, 2021-We examined Functional Movement Screening (FMS) performance and associations with key health markers among adults aged 55 years or older.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Different Measures of Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk in Women.

Associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), different adiposity exposures, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in women are not well defined. A total of 19,838 women completed a baseline examination between 1971 and 2013. Measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height (W:HT) ratio, skinfold-derived percent body fat (% Fat), and CRF estimated from a maximal treadmill test.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and serum vitamin D levels in African-American adults.

We examined the associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), adiposity, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D) levels in African-American (AA) adults. 468 AA patients from the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX were examined between 2007 and 2018. Measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent body fat (%fat) via skinfolds, CRF via a maximal treadmill test, and 25(OH)D.

Association of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality With High Levels of Physical Activity and Concurrent Coronary Artery Calcification.

Importance: Few data are available to guide clinical recommendations for individuals with high levels of physical activity in the presence of clinically significant coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Objective: To assess the association among high levels of physical activity, prevalent CAC, and subsequent mortality risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study is a prospective observational study of patients from the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine facility.

The association of cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and age with testosterone levels at screening of healthy men undergoing preventive medical examinations: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background: Currently, exogenous hormone replacement is used in many men with hypogonadism without clear organic cause. This study examines the contribution of modifiable health behaviors, i.e.

The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores in Older Adults.

Background: Relatively little is known regarding the association between objective measures of physical function such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognitive function tests in healthy older adults.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CRF and cognitive function in adults aged 55 and older.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2017, 4,931 men and women underwent a comprehensive preventive physical exam at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas.

The association between serum vitamin d level and cognitive function in older adults: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Low blood level of vitamin D and low physical activity have been linked to the development of cognitive impairment in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D and cognition as measured via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in a healthy, older population. The study sample consisted of 4358 patients from the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX.

Moderate to High Levels of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuate the Effects of Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Men.

Objective: To examine the prospective relationships among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fasting blood triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG:HDL-C), and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in men.

Methods: A total of 40,269 men received a comprehensive baseline clinical examination between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 2010. Their CRF was determined from a maximal treadmill exercise test.

Association of triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to cardiorespiratory fitness in men.

Background: Both triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impart risk for all-cause morbidity and mortality independently of conventional risk factors.

Objective: To determine prevalence and/or incidence of high TG/HDL-C ratio in men with low CRF.

Methods: Clinical characteristics and CRF were used to determine prevalence of a TG/HDL-C ratio ≥ 3.