Correlation between percutaneous biopsy and final histopathology for retroperitoneal sarcoma: a single-centre study.

Background: Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare soft tissue tumours accounting for 10-15% of soft tissue sarcomas. Patient prognosis and treatment recommendations (including extent of surgery and neoadjuvant strategies) are determined by the pre-operative histopathological subtype and grade obtained from biopsy and thus it is important to understand the accuracy of biopsy in retroperitoneal masses.

Methods: This study presents a case series of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas managed at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (PMCC) between 2008 and 2019.

The role of Thallium-201 scintigraphy and Tc-99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid in diagnosis and grading of chondrosarcoma.

Purpose: Distinguishing between enchondromas and low-grade (grade 1) chondrosarcomas can be challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Thallium-201 scintigraphy and Technetium-99 m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-99 m DMSA (V)) in the diagnosis and grading of chondrosarcomas.

Methods: 232 consecutive patients with pathologically proven cartilaginous tumours between the years 2000 and 2018 were evaluated.

Cardiac tamponade in multiple myeloma - A pictorial case review of FDG PET/CT findings.

Pericardial involvement of multiple myeloma is a rare and late-stage complication, with only a few cases reported in the literature. PET/CT has demonstrated a growing role in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple myeloma. We present a case of pericardial multiple myeloma in a patient with relapsed/refractory disease, showcasing previously unpublished FDG PET/CT findings.

Prevalence of non F-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid incidental findings of clinical significance on whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A review of 500 consecutive cases.

Introduction: The prevalence of incidental F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid findings on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) has been extensively described. Few studies, however, have assessed the prevalence and significance of non-FDG-avid findings; pathology that is identified on review of the low-dose, non-contrast CT. The aim of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of non FDG-avid incidental findings on PET/CT and the prevalence of 'clinically significant' non FDG-avid pathology.

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided biopsy in pathological fractures.

Background: Obtaining a histological diagnosis is essential for appropriate management of pathological fractures. Computed tomography (CT) is an accurate method of obtaining diagnosis for musculoskeletal tumours. We analysed whether diagnostic accuracy was maintained in the evaluation of pathological fractures.

Biopsy and the diagnostic evaluation of musculoskeletal tumours: critical but often missed in the 21st century.

Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignancies arising from tissues of mesenchymal origin. Treatment planning is informed by accurate diagnosis for which biopsy is the diagnostic standard. Biopsy in the setting of suspected malignancy is a technically challenging procedure that should only be performed at specialist institutions.

Musculoskeletal desmoid tumours: Pre- and post-treatment radiological appearances.

This study was aimed to illustrate the pre- and post-treatment imaging findings of musculoskeletal desmoid tumours and describe current treatment methods. Imaging of histologically proven cases of desmoid tumours at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, were obtained via picture archiving communication system (PACS) and then assessed by two musculoskeletal radiologists.

Accuracy and complications of CT-guided core needle biopsy of peripheral nerve sheath tumours.

Objective: This single-centre study retrospectively reviews the complications in patients that have occurred following peripheral nerve sheath tumour biopsy, and assesses whether there is an association with biopsy technique or underlying lesion characteristics.

Materials And Methods: 41 consecutive core needle biopsies of proven peripheral nerve sheath tumours over a 2-year period in a tertiary teaching hospital were reviewed. Patient demographics and symptoms, tumour characteristics and radiological appearances were recorded.

Musculoskeletal desmoid tumours: Diagnostic imaging appearances.

This study aimed to discuss the role medical imaging has on diagnosis of musculoskeletal desmoid tumours and to describe their radiological appearances on various imaging modalities. Imaging of histologically proven cases of desmoid tumours at St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne were obtained via picture archiving communication system (PACS) and then assessed by two musculoskeletal radiologists.

Prevalence of incidental or unexpected findings on low-dose CT performed during routine SPECT/CT nuclear medicine studies.

Introduction: In nuclear medicine, single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) is often combined with 'simultaneous' low-dose CT (LDCT) to provide complementary anatomical and functional correlation. As a consequence, numerous incidental and unexpected findings may be detected on LDCT. Recognition of these findings and appropriate determination of their relevance can add to the utility of SPECT/CT.

Utility of week one radiographs post total hip arthroplasty.

Introduction: We retrospectively analysed 129 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroplasty at a university-affiliated hospital in Melbourne, Australia between February and September 2011 with respect to the quality of the week one radiographs, placement of the prosthesis and the presence of a peri-prosthetic fracture or dislocation.

Method: Patient records and radiographs were reviewed to ascertain whether a deviation in routine management occurred based on the information obtained from week one post-operative radiographs.

Results: 116 of the 129 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study.

Retroperitoneal sarcomas: a review of disease spectrum, radiological features, characterisation and management.

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are a rare disease. The overall 5-year survival rate for these lesions remains low, and surgical management offers the only option for effective treatment and potential for cure. Radiotherapy is increasingly being employed in addition to standard surgical treatment.

Pathologic fracture of a calcaneal aneurysmal bone cyst.

A 21-year-old man presented with a pathologic fracture through the posterior aspect of the calcaneus into an aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient was treated using curettage, phenol, alcohol, and burr with open reduction and internal fixation. This is the first reported case of a pathologic fracture of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the calcaneus, highlighting the fracture potential of these lesions and the need for early management.

Myoepithelioma within the carpal tunnel: a case report and review of the literature.

Myoepitheliomas of the extremity are rare and usually benign, while a minority display malignant features. This case demonstrates the diagnosis and management of myoepithelioma within the carpal tunnel. Clinical and radiological tumour features were evaluated.

Intraosseous angiosarcoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cysts presenting as an elusive diagnostic challenge.

Angiosarcoma of bone is an exceedingly rare primary bone malignancy that can present as an aggressive osteolytic lesion. Histological diagnosis can be extremely challenging, as the pathological features often resemble that of aneurysmal bone cysts. We report an interesting and peculiar case of an intraosseous angiosarcoma that presented as a diagnostic dilemma and discuss the relevant radiological and pathologic findings.

Magnetic resonance imaging of bone tumors and joints.

Purpose: In this invited review, the main subtypes of commoner bone tumors will be reviewed. Background and general concepts on pathology and surgery will be given with magnetic resonance imaging features of bone tumors. TEXT: The main malignant bone tumors being: osteogenic sarcoma, Ewings sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma are reviewed.

Multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma - a review of the St Vincent's Hospital experience.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and young adults. Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma, there have been few recent studies describing the experiences of tertiary referral centres. This paper aims to describe and discuss the clinical features, pre-operative work-up, management and outcomes of these patients at St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne, Australia).

Femoral mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cysts mimicking a small-cell osteosarcoma.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare but aggressive, high-grade malignancy of primitive cartilage-forming mesenchyme that arises most commonly from skeletal sites. Although there are radiological findings suggestive of the diagnosis, imaging features often overlap with those of other skeletal sarcomas. The definitive diagnosis relies on the histological finding of a typical bimorphic appearance, consisting of nests of small, round, poorly differentiated cells and more mature cartilaginous tissue.

Bronchiectasis simulating pulmonary metastases on iodine-131 scintigraphy in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Differentiated thyroid cancer is an uncommon disease that carries a good prognosis when treated adequately. Radioiodine treatment is often used as an adjunct to surgery because this has been associated with increased survival, particularly in the presence of iodine-avid soft tissue metastases. Multiple different false-positive scans can occur in the absence of residual thyroid tissue or metastases.

Osteosarcoma near joints: assessment and implications.

Background: The choice of performing surgery when tumors encroach onto joints remains a challenging and controversial issue. Pre-operative assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of critical importance in dictating surgical management and subsequent functional outcome.

Methods: We examined archival samples from 27 patients with osteosarcoma, adjacent to synovial joints for the incidence and mechanism of osteosarcoma extension into the joint space.

Molecular profiling of giant cell tumor of bone and the osteoclastic localization of ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a generally benign, osteolytic neoplasm comprising stromal cells and osteoclast-like giant cells. The osteoclastic cells, which cause bony destruction, are thought to be recruited from normal monocytic pre-osteoclasts by stromal cell expression of the ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANKL). This model forms the foundation for clinical trials in GCTs of novel cancer therapeutics targeting RANKL.

Intra-coronary high-dose CD34+ stem cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: a 12-month follow-up.

Current stem cell protocols for ischemic heart disease are limited by the small numbers of cells that can be obtained by bone marrow aspirate. To increase myocardial delivery of bone marrow stem cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD), we used granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for bone marrow mobilization of CD34+ cells, enabling intracoronary infusion of large numbers of CD34+ stem cells. Patients with CIHD (n = 5) demonstrated significantly reduced numbers of CD34+ cells mobilized by G-CSF in comparison to age-matched controls.