Multidisciplinary Review of Intraductal Papilloma of the Breast can Identify Patients who may Omit Surgical Excision.

Background: The purpose of this study was to define contemporary management recommendations regarding who would benefit from surgical excision of intraductal papilloma (IDP).

Methods: A prospective database from a single institution identified patients with IDP on percutaneous biopsy from February 2015 to September 2020. Categorical patient demographic, biopsy, and pathologic variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and continuous demographic and imaging variables using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Does the Addition of Breast MRI Add Value to the Diagnostic Workup of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma?

Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has unique histologic growth pattern. Few studies have focused on the value of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) specifically for ILC. We hypothesized that MRI adds value to the diagnostic workup in ILC by better defining the extent of disease and identifying additional foci of malignancy, which can change the surgical plan.

Dysphagia after chemoradiation: analysis by modified barium swallow.

Objectives: We sought to describe the findings of modified barium swallow study after chemoradiation in patients with head and neck cancer and to correlate these findings with clinical variables, including gastrostomy tube dependence and clinical pneumonia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients at a tertiary care center who underwent modified barium swallow study for dysphagia after chemoradiation.

Results: Patients with nonlaryngeal lesions had increased cricopharyngeal impairment (27.

Altered somatic hypermutation and reduced class-switch recombination in exonuclease 1-mutant mice.

The generation of protective antibodies requires somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin genes. Here we show that mice mutant for exonuclease 1 (Exo1), which participates in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), have decreased CSR and changes in the characteristics of SHM similar to those previously observed in mice mutant for the MMR protein Msh2. Exo1 is thus the first exonuclease shown to be involved in SHM and CSR.