Author Correction to: In Vitro Drug Release After Crushing: Evaluation of Xtampza ER and Other ER Opioid Formulations.

Following correction should be noted.

In Vitro Drug Release After Crushing: Evaluation of Xtampza ER and Other ER Opioid Formulations.

Background And Objective: Extended-release (ER) opioids are associated with high rates of abuse. Recreational opioid users often manipulate ER formulations to achieve a high plasma concentration in a short amount of time, resulting in a more rapid and intense high. Patients may also manipulate ER tablets to facilitate swallowing, without recognizing that manipulation could increase release rate.

In vitro assessment of the potential for abuse via the intravenous route of oxycodone DETERx® microspheres.

Objective: Abuse of prescription analgesics is a well-recognized problem, with nearly 2 million people aged 12 years or older initiating nonmedical use of pain relievers in 2012. The prevalence of opioid abuse via intravenous (IV) injection has led to the development of dosage forms designed to deter abuse using different inactive ingredients and formulation strategies. This study evaluated the IV abuse potential for a novel, microsphere-encapsulated abuse-deterrent formulation of oxycodone, Xtampza™ ER (referred to as "oxycodone DETERx").

Evaluation of an Extended-Release, Abuse-Deterrent, Microsphere-in-Capsule Analgesic for the Management of Patients with Chronic Pain With Dysphagia (CPD).

Background: Patients who have chronic pain with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) (CPD) often have difficulty taking oral medication and, as such, alter their medications by crushing or chewing in an attempt to make it easier to swallow. Such manipulation of currently marketed, extended-release (ER) opioid analgesics can significantly alter the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the formulations, resulting in poor treatment outcome or serious adverse events. There is an unmet medical need for oral ER opioid formulations suitable for patients with CPD.

Impact of physical manipulation on in vitro and in vivo release profiles of oxycodone DETERx®: an extended-release, abuse-deterrent formulation.

Objective: In vitro: To assess the effect of common crushing techniques on particle size reduction (PSR) and in vitro drug-release kinetics of oxycodone DETERx® (herein DETERx) and of a commercially available oxycodone extended-release (ER) tablet. In vivo: To evaluate the impact of the most effective manipulation method identified in the in vitro study and the effect of chewing on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DETERx relative to oxycodone solution.

Design: In vitro: Mechanical manipulation of dosage forms using common household utensils.