Predictors of Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Older Adults With Apnea and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Almost 60% of adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may delay cognitive decline, but CPAP adherence is often suboptimal. In this study, we report predictors of CPAP adherence in older adults with aMCI who have increased odds of progressing to dementia, particularly due to Alzheimer's disease.

One Year of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence Improves Cognition in Older Adults With Mild Apnea and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment frequently represents a predementia stage of Alzheimer's disease. Although obstructive sleep apnea is increasingly recognized as a common comorbidity of mild cognitive impairment, most apnea research has focused on middle-aged adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Mild obstructive sleep apnea, defined as 5-14 apneas or hypopneas per hour slept, is common in older adults.

CPAP Adherence May Slow 1-Year Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Apnea.

Background/objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little prospective evidence exists on the effects of OSA treatment in preclinical AD. The objective was to determine if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment adherence, controlling for baseline differences, predicts cognitive and everyday function after 1 year in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to determine effect sizes for a larger trial.

Design: Quasi-experimental pilot clinical trial with CPAP adherence defined as CPAP use 4 hours or more per night over 1 year.

The time is "right:" Electrophysiology reveals right parietal electrode dominance in time perception.

In the present study, healthy undergraduates were asked to identify if a visual stimulus appeared on screen for the same duration as a memorized target (2 s) while event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded. Trials consisted of very short (1.25 s), short (1.

A mixed methods study of symptom perception in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Early heart failure (HF) symptoms are frequently unrecognized for reasons that are unclear. We explored symptom perception in patients with chronic HF.

Methods: We enrolled 36 HF out-patients into a longitudinal sequential explanatory mixed methods study.

The content of lexical stimuli and self-reported physiological state modulate error-related negativity amplitude.

The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) and Correct-Response Negativity (CRN) are brief event-related potential (ERP) components-elicited after the commission of a response-associated with motivation, emotion, and affect. The Error Positivity (Pe) typically appears after the ERN, and corresponds to awareness of having committed an error. Although motivation has long been established as an important factor in the expression and morphology of the ERN, physiological state has rarely been explored as a variable in these investigations.

Research consent capacity varies with executive function and memory in Parkinson's disease.

Background: We examined the association between cognitive domains and research consent capacity in PD. Our hypothesis was that research consent capacity is best predicted by executive function.

Methods: A cohort of 90 PD patients and 30 healthy older adults were administered the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research, Dementia Rating Scale-2, and the MoCA.

Cognitive impairment and PD patients' capacity to consent to research.

Objective: To examine how cognitive impairment affects Parkinson disease (PD) patients' research consent capacity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 90 patients with PD, divided using Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 scores into 3 groups of 30 (normal, borderline, and impaired), and 30 neurologically normal older adults completed 2 capacity interviews (an early-phase randomized and controlled drug trial and a sham-controlled surgical implantation of genetic tissue) using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research. Expert clinicians used the interviews to classify the patients as either capable or not capable of providing their own informed consent.

Comparative accuracies of two common screening instruments for classification of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy aging.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the utility and diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a clinical cohort.

Methods: Three hundred twenty-one AD, 126 MCI, and 140 older adults with healthy cognition (HC) were evaluated using the MMSE, the MoCA, a standardized neuropsychologic battery according to the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-NB), and an informant-based measure of functional impairment, the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS). Diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-off scores were calculated for each measure, and a method for converting MoCA to MMSE scores is presented.

Patterns of Change in Cognitive Function over Six Months in Adults with Chronic Heart Failure.

Few investigators have studied cognition over time in adults with heart failure (HF). A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to 279 adults with chronic systolic or diastolic HF at baseline, three and six months. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to model the measure anticipated to be most sensitive, the digit symbol substitution task (DSST).

Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with poor medication adherence in adults with heart failure.

Background: A relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and poor treatment adherence has been suspected but not confirmed. We hypothesized that medication adherence would be poorer in adults with heart failure (HF) and EDS and that cognitive status would be the mechanism of effect.

Methods And Results: A sample of 280 adults with chronic HF were enrolled into a prospective cohort comparison study.

Physician utilization by insurance type among youth with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between insurance type (Medicaid vs private insurance) and access to physician care for youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus by quantifying whether these youth saw a physician during the year before their first diabetes documentation.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Youth with Medicaid or private insurance aged 5 to 19 years with type 2 diabetes were identified by an electronic medical record review.

Temporal order memory differences in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

Determining the order of events is essential for accurate memory recollection: an ability previously linked to both frontal and medial temporal functioning. Frontal-subcortical and medial temporal dysfunction typify vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. Therefore, we assessed patients' ordering abilities using a novel sequencing task that progressively increased memory load.

Levels-of-processing effect on frontotemporal function in schizophrenia during word encoding and recognition.

Objective: Patients with schizophrenia improve episodic memory accuracy when given organizational strategies through levels-of-processing paradigms. This study tested if improvement is accompanied by normalized frontotemporal function.

Method: Event-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activation during shallow (perceptual) and deep (semantic) word encoding and recognition in 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy comparison subjects.

Organization of semantic category exemplars in schizophrenia.

Semantic memory was investigated in 27 individuals with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls using an animal similarity judgment and organization test with reduced retrieval demands. Participants arranged 12 common animal names according to similarity on a computer screen and provided verbal descriptions of organizational strategies. Distance between each animal pair was compared to the number of shared semantic attributes between the pairs (e.

Levels-of-processing effect on word recognition in schizophrenia.

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty organizing words semantically to facilitate encoding. This is commonly attributed to organizational rather than semantic processing limitations. By requiring participants to classify and encode words on either a shallow (e.

Retrospective assessment of rehabilitation outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and utility of the functional independence level.

Objective: To develop a measure suitable for retrospective analysis of qualitative brain injury outcome data, the Functional Independence Level (FIL), and document its reliability, validity, and utility.

Design: Retrospective analysis of existing records, with inclusion based on availability of records, and quantitative or qualitative documentation of functional status at a minimum of 1.5 years after injury.

Memory-delineated subtypes of schizophrenia: relationship to clinical, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological measures.

Memory performance was examined in patients with schizophrenia to determine whether subgroups conforming to cortical and subcortical dementias could be identified and, if so, whether subgroups differed on clinical, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological measures. A cluster analysis of California Verbal Learning Test performance classified patients into 3 subgroups. Two groups exhibited memory deficits consistent with the cortical-subcortical distinction, whereas 1 group was unimpaired.

Motor vehicle collision factors influence severity and type of TBI.

Primary Objective: To analyse the relationship between motor vehicle collision factors and TBI.

Research Design: Retrospective design analysed the difference between the types of brain injuries sustained in distinct collision configurations.

Methods And Procedures: Medical charts and police accident reports were reviewed for individuals sustaining TBI in 168 motor vehicle collisions between 1985-1998.