Supernumerary Testis Discovered Upon Workup of a Paratesticular Mass.

A supernumerary testis is a rare finding with limited description in the literature. Presentations of supernumerary testes vary and often involve initial discovery intraoperatively or in association with a separate condition. In this case report, we describe our experience of a patient with ultrasound imaging concerning for a left paratesticular mass.

An Improved Silencing Vector: Greater Insert Stability and More Extensive VIGS.

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used extensively for gene function studies in plants. VIGS is inexpensive and rapid compared with silencing conducted through stable transformation, but many virus-silencing vectors, especially in grasses, induce only transient silencing phenotypes. A major reason for transient phenotypes is the instability of the foreign gene fragment (insert) in the vector during VIGS.