RB51 Δ expressing FliC conjugated gonadotropins reduces mouse fetal numbers: A possible feral swine brucellosis immunocontraceptive vaccine.

Population and health management of wildlife is a key to environmental health, domestic herd health, and ultimately public health. Many different methods including: surgical sterilization, poison baits, and sponsored hunting programs have been used in the attempt to control populations of various nuisance animal species. Particular interest has been given to immunocontraception through wildlife vaccination protocols.

Rough Brucella neotomae provides protection against Brucella suis challenge in mice.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. Almost 500,000 new human cases occur each year; yet there is no vaccine for human use. Moreover, there is no universal Brucella vaccine that would provide protection against all pathogenic species of Brucella.

Correction: Brucella melitensis Methionyl-tRNA-Synthetase (MetRS), a Potential Drug Target for Brucellosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Brucella melitensis Methionyl-tRNA-Synthetase (MetRS), a Potential Drug Target for Brucellosis.

We investigated Brucella melitensis methionyl-tRNA-synthetase (BmMetRS) with molecular, structural and phenotypic methods to learn if BmMetRS is a promising target for brucellosis drug development. Recombinant BmMetRS was expressed, purified from wild type Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus 2308 strain ATCC/CRP #DD-156 and screened by a thermal melt assay against a focused library of one hundred previously classified methionyl-tRNA-synthetase inhibitors of the blood stage form of Trypanosoma brucei. Three compounds showed appreciable shift of denaturation temperature and were selected for further studies on inhibition of the recombinant enzyme activity and cell viability against wild type B.

Vaccination of Elk (Cervus canadensis) with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase and Glycosyltransferase Genes Does Not Induce Adequate Protection against Experimental Brucella abortus Challenge.

In recent years, elk (Cervus canadensis) have been implicated as the source of Brucella abortus infection for numerous cattle herds in the Greater Yellowstone Area. In the face of environmental and ecological changes on the landscape, the range of infected elk is expanding. Consequently, the development of effective disease management strategies for wild elk herds is of utmost importance, not only for the prevention of reintroduction of brucellosis to cattle, but also for the overall health of the Greater Yellowstone Area elk populations.

Roles of bacterial membrane vesicles.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, Gram-positive bacteria also produce membrane-derived vesicles. As OMVs transport several bacterial components, especially from the cell envelope, their interaction with the host cell, with other bacteria or as immunogens, have been studied intensely.

Proteomic analysis of detergent resistant membrane domains during early interaction of macrophages with rough and smooth Brucella melitensis.

The plasma membrane contains discrete nanometer-sized domains that are resistant to non-ionic detergents, and which are called detergent resistant membrane domains (DRMDs) or lipid rafts. Exposure of host cells to pathogenic bacteria has been shown to induce the re-distribution of specific host proteins between DRMDs and detergent soluble membranes, which leads to the initiation of cell signaling that enable pathogens to access host cells. DRMDs have been shown to play a role in the invasion of Brucella into host macrophages and the formation of replicative phagosomes called Brucella-containing vacuoles (BCVs).

A review of Brucella seroprevalence among humans and animals in Bangladesh with special emphasis on epidemiology, risk factors and control opportunities.

Brucellosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease in many countries affecting both humans and animals. The aim of this paper is to review published reports of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and dogs) in Bangladesh. The prevalence studies are based primarily on the following serological tests: rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBT), plate agglutination test (PAT), tube agglutination test (TAT), mercaptoethanol agglutination test (MET), standard tube agglutination test (STAT), slow agglutination test (SAT), milk ring test (MRT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (I-ELISA), competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) and fluorescent polarization assay (FPA).

A history of the development of Brucella vaccines.

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis affecting animal and human health. In the last several decades, much research has been performed to develop safer Brucella vaccines to control the disease mainly in animals. Till now, no effective human vaccine is available.

Protection to respiratory challenge of Brucella abortus strain 2308 in the lung.

Brucella is amongst the top 5 causes of zoonotic disease worldwide. Infection is through ingestion, inhalation or contact exposure. Brucella is characterized as a class B pathogen by Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Peptide nucleic acids inhibit growth of Brucella suis in pure culture and in infected murine macrophages.

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are single-stranded, synthetic nucleic acid analogues containing a pseudopeptide backbone in place of the phosphodiester sugar-phosphate. When PNAs are covalently linked to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) they readily penetrate the bacterial cell envelope, inhibit expression of targeted genes and cause growth inhibition both of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, the effectiveness of PNAs against Brucella, a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, was unknown.

Pluronic P85 enhances the efficacy of outer membrane vesicles as a subunit vaccine against Brucella melitensis challenge in mice.

Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide, and there is no vaccine for human use. Brucella melitensis Rev1, a live attenuated strain, is the commercial vaccine for small ruminants to prevent B. melitensis infections but has been associated with abortions in animals.

Comparative genomics of early-diverging Brucella strains reveals a novel lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway.

Unlabelled: Brucella species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals. Recently, two unusual strains (Brucella inopinata BO1T and B. inopinata-like BO2) have been isolated from human patients, and their similarity to some atypical brucellae isolated from Australian native rodent species was noted.

Comparative genomics of early-diverging Brucella strains reveals a novel lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway.

Unlabelled: Brucella species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals. Recently, two unusual strains (Brucella inopinata BO1(T) and B. inopinata-like BO2) have been isolated from human patients, and their similarity to some atypical brucellae isolated from Australian native rodent species was noted.

Effect of exogenous erythritol on growth and survival of Brucella.

Erythritol has been considered as an important factor for the pathogenesis of Brucella abortus 2308 and its ability to cause abortion in ruminants. There is a lack of laboratory models to study the Brucella-erythritol relationship, as commonly used murine models do not have erythritol. We tested the effect of exogenous erythritol on the growth of Brucella in iron minimal medium (IMM), in infected macrophage culture and in infected mice to determine if these models can be used to study the relationship between Brucella and erythritol.

Nanomedicine for intracellular therapy.

Intracellular pathogens like Salmonella evade host phagocytic killing by various mechanisms. Classical antimicrobial therapy requires multiple dosages and frequent administration of drugs for a long duration. Intracellular delivery of antimicrobials using nanoparticle may effectively devise therapies for bacterial infections.

Characterization of outer membrane vesicles from Brucella melitensis and protection induced in mice.

The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from smooth B. melitensis 16 M and a derived rough mutant, VTRM1 strain, were purified and characterized with respect to protein content and induction of immune responses in mice. Proteomic analysis showed 29 proteins present in OMVs from B.

Role of TLRs in Brucella mediated murine DC activation in vitro and clearance of pulmonary infection in vivo.

Brucellosis is worldwide zoonoses affecting 500,000 people annually with no approved human vaccines available. Live attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 protects cattle through CD4 and CD8 T-cell mediated responses. However, limited information is known regarding how Brucella stimulate innate immunity.

Proinflammatory caspase-2-mediated macrophage cell death induced by a rough attenuated Brucella suis strain.

Brucella spp. are intracellular bacteria that cause an infectious disease called brucellosis in humans and many domestic and wildlife animals. B.

Over-expression of homologous antigens in a leucine auxotroph of Brucella abortus strain RB51 protects mice against a virulent B. suis challenge.

Infection by members of the Gram-negative bacterial genus Brucella causes brucellosis in a variety of mammals. Brucellosis in swine remains a challenge, as there is no vaccine in the USA approved for use in swine against brucellosis. Here, we developed an improved recombinant Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 that could afford protection against Brucella suis infection by over-expressing genes encoding homologous proteins: L7/L12 ribosomal protein, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glycosyl-transferase [WboA].

Efficacy of vaccination strategies against intranasal challenge with Brucella abortus in BALB/c mice.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting 500,000 people worldwide annually. Inhalation of aerosol containing a pathogen is one of the major routes of disease transmission in humans. Currently there are no licensed human vaccines available.

Effect of entF deletion on iron acquisition and erythritol metabolism by Brucella abortus 2308.

Brucella abortus has been shown to produce two siderophores: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and brucebactin. Previous studies on Brucella have shown that 2,3-DHBA is associated with erythritol utilization and virulence in pregnant ruminants. The biosynthetic pathway and role of brucebactin are not known and the only gene shown to be involved so far is entF.

Heat-killed and γ-irradiated Brucella strain RB51 stimulates enhanced dendritic cell activation, but not function compared with the virulent smooth strain 2308.

Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause abortion in livestock and undulant fever in humans worldwide. Brucella abortus strain 2308 is a pathogenic strain that affects cattle and humans.

Ability of Brucella abortus rough vaccine strains to elicit DC and innate immunity in lung using a murine respiratory model.

Brucella abortus strains RB51 and RB51SOD are live attenuated vaccine strains which protect mice against virulent B. abortus strain 2308 intraperitoneal challenge. By comparison, limited information is available on how Brucella vaccines stimulate pulmonary immunity against respiratory infection, another route of exposure in humans.

Live Brucella abortus rough vaccine strain RB51 stimulates enhanced innate immune response in vitro compared to rough vaccine strain RB51SOD and virulent smooth strain 2308 in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultative intracellular pathogens. B.