Candida auris: A focused review for emergency clinicians.

Introduction: Candida auris is an emerging pathogen and human health threat. However, diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection due to C. auris are challenging.

Dengue: A focused review for the emergency clinician.

Dengue is an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes spp. mosquito. Approximately 390 million infections occur annually per World Health Organization estimates, with significant increases in infections throughout the last decade.

Managing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Emergency Department.

(Basic awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance and prevailing mechanisms can aid emergency physicians in providing appropriate care to patients with infections due to a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO). Empiric treatment of MDRO infections should be approached with caution and guided by the most likely pathogens based on differential diagnosis, severity of the illness, suspected source of infection, patient-specific factors, and local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Newer broad-spectrum antibiotics should be reserved for critically ill patients where there is a high likelihood of infection with an MDRO.

Trends and Characteristics of Terrorist Attacks Against Nightclub Venues Over 5 Decades.

Introduction: Nightclubs are entertainment and hospitality venues historically vulnerable to terrorist attacks. This study identified and characterized terrorist attacks targeting nightclubs and discotheques documented in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-y period.

Methods: A search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was conducted from 1970 to 2019.

Malaria: A focused review for the emergency medicine clinician.

Introduction: Malaria is a potentially fatal parasitic disease transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. A resurgence in locally acquired infections has been reported in the U.S.

Predicting severe disease in patients diagnosed with seasonal influenza in the emergency department.

Objectives: We sought to develop an evidence-based tool to risk stratify patients diagnosed with seasonal influenza in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of all adult patients diagnosed with influenza in a large tertiary care ED between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated demographics, triage vital signs, chest x-ray and laboratory results obtained in the ED.

Harm Reduction: A Missing Piece to the Holistic Care of Patients Who Inject Drugs.

Background: The rise in injection drug use (IDU) has led to an increase in drug-related infections. Harm reduction is an important strategy for preventing infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). We attempted to evaluate the harm reduction counseling that infectious diseases physicians provide to PWID presenting with infections.

Biocidal effects of a wipe-down procedure using common veterinary cleansers on microbial burden within working canine exterior coats.

Introduction: Recent work demonstrating reduction of aerosolized contamination via a wipe-down procedure using common veterinary antiseptics offers promise regarding health concerns associated with cross-contamination from working canines to humans. While mechanical reduction can be achieved via a wipe-down procedure, the biocidal impact on flora within the exterior coat is unknown.

Methodology: This study assessed the biocidal impact of antiseptics on the exterior bacterial community of the canine.

Ebola virus disease: A review for the emergency medicine clinician.

Introduction: Ebolavirus, the causative agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been responsible for sporadic outbreaks mainly in sub-Saharan Africa since 1976. EVD is associated with high risk of transmission, especially to healthcare workers during patient care.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide a concise review of EVD presentation, diagnosis, and management for emergency clinicians.

Crush injury and syndrome: A review for emergency clinicians.

Introduction: Primary disasters may result in mass casualty events with serious injuries, including crush injury and crush syndrome.

Objective: This narrative review provides a focused overview of crush injury and crush syndrome for emergency clinicians.

Discussion: Millions of people worldwide annually face natural or human-made disasters, which may lead to mass casualty events and severe medical issues including crush injury and syndrome.

Terrorist Attacks against Sports Venues: Emerging Trends and Characteristics Spanning 50 Years.

Introduction: Sports venues foster community and support local economies. Due to their capacity to host hundreds to thousands of spectators, sports venues are vulnerable to becoming targets of terrorism. Types of venues targeted, regional trends, and methods of attack employed world-wide have not been well-described.

Personal protective equipment use among dental healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact of an educational video in clinical practice.

Objective: Dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are at high risk of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to identify how DHCP changed their use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to pilot an educational video designed to improve knowledge of proper PPE use.

Design: The study comprised 2 sets of semistructured qualitative interviews.

Open Mandible and Maxillary Fractures Associated with Higher Risk of Infection in Victims of Assault.

Victims of assault (VOA) often present with fractures of the mandible and maxilla. They represent a complex challenge because of possible compromise of the airway, and infection-related complications because of potential involvement of the oral cavity. We hypothesized that open mandible and maxillary fractures in VOA are associated with a higher rate of infection compared with non-VOA patients with open facial fractures.

Mimics of Monkeypox: Considerations for the emergency medicine clinician.

Introduction: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a public health emergency most commonly presenting with a painful rash and several systemic findings. However, there are several conditions that may mimic its presentation.

Objective: This narrative review provides a focused overview of mpox mimics for emergency clinicians.

Terrorist Attacks Against Firefighters, 1970-2019.

Firefighters are a critical component of the emergency response system and therefore a potential target for organizations seeking to disrupt this system. Terrorist organizations may deliberately attack firefighters to both increase the devastation of an attack and impair the affected community's ability to respond to an attack. We performed a focused search of the Global Terrorism Database to identify terrorist attacks against firefighters worldwide.

High risk and low prevalence diseases: Adult bacterial meningitis.

Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis in adults is a rare but serious condition that carries a high rate of morbidity.

Objective: This review highlights pearls and pitfalls of acute bacterial meningitis in adults, including presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence.

Discussion: Meningitis encompasses a broad spectrum of disease involving inflammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space.

Assessment of Infectious Diseases Risks From Dental Aerosols in Real-World Settings.

Background: Infectious diseases physicians are leaders in assessing the health risks in a variety of community settings. An understudied area with substantial controversy is the safety of dental aerosols. Previous studies have used in vitro experimental designs and/or indirect measures to evaluate bacteria and viruses from dental surfaces.

Terrorist attacks against emergency departments.

Introduction: Emergency departments (EDs) play an integral role in a community's response to disaster. Terrorist attacks targeting EDs have the potential to disrupt the emergency response apparatus. Understanding prior attacks against EDs can yield important lessons to mitigate the impact of future violence.

The Tip of the Spear: Emergency Medicine and Missouri's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic provided the specialty of emergency medicine the opportunity to showcase what many knew all along: emergency physicians (EP) are well suited to deal with the unknown and can quickly adapt even with incomplete or limited information and resources. Emergency physicians in Missouri served in integral positions locally, nationally and internationally. Missouri EPs published numerous manuscripts on topics from basic science to clinical care.

Assessment of dental health care personnel protocol deviations and self-contamination during personal protective equipment donning and doffing.

Background: Dental health care personnel (DHCP) may be at increased risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as other clinically important pathogens. Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces occupational exposure to pathogens. The authors performed an assessment of PPE donning and doffing practices among DHCP, using a fluorescent marker as a surrogate for pathogen transmission.