Delays in care seeking for young children with accidental skull fractures are common.

Aim: We sought to determine the frequency and patterns of delayed medical care seeking for young children with skull fractures.

Methods: We identified accidental skull fractures <4 years old, 2011-2012. Child abuse paediatricians abstracted retrospective data and paediatric radiologists re-reviewed images.

Are Complex Skull Fractures Indicative of Either Child Abuse or Major Trauma in the Era of 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Imaging?

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether complex skull fractures are more indicative of child abuse or major trauma than simple skull fractures.

Design: This is a retrospective chart and imaging review of children diagnosed with a skull fracture. Subjects were from 2 pediatric tertiary care centers.

Fracture-Associated Bruising and Soft Tissue Swelling in Young Children With Skull Fractures: How Sensitive Are They to Fracture Presence?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine how reliable scalp bruising and soft tissue swelling/cephalohematomas (STS) are for underlying young child skull fractures.

Methods: This was a retrospective clinical and imaging review from 2011 to 2012 of children younger than 4 years with skull fractures from 2 tertiary care hospitals. Imaging was reread by 3 pediatric radiologists.

The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review.

This paper addresses significant misconceptions regarding the etiology of fractures in infants and young children in cases of suspected child abuse. This consensus statement, supported by the Child Abuse Committee and endorsed by the Board of Directors of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, synthesizes the relevant scientific data distinguishing clinical, radiologic and laboratory findings of metabolic disease from findings in abusive injury. This paper discusses medically established epidemiology and etiologies of childhood fractures in infants and young children.

Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Skull Reconstructions as an Aid to Child Abuse Evaluations.

Objectives: Skull fractures can be difficult to recognize on radiographs and axial computed tomography (CT) bone windows. Missed findings may delay abuse diagnosis. The role of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions in child abuse evaluations was retrospectively evaluated.

Frequency of intrathoracic injuries in children younger than 3 years with rib fractures.

Background: Research documents that among children admitted to trauma intensive care units the number of rib fractures sustained indicates the child's likelihood of having and severity of intrathoracic injury. This has been misused in court to argue that children with multiple rib fractures who lack intrathoracic injury have abnormal bone fragility rather than inflicted injury.

Objective: To determine frequency of intrathoracic injuries in children younger than 3 years with rib fractures in cases of child abuse and accidental trauma.

Copper deficiency presenting as metabolic bone disease in extremely low birth weight, short-gut infants.

Copper deficiency can cause bone lesions in infants, which might be confused with child abuse. Two extremely low birth weight preterm infants had complicated medical courses requiring prolonged parenteral nutrition for short-gut syndrome, which led to the development of cholestasis. Both had spent their entire lives in the hospital.

Tumorlike conditions of the pleura.

Tumorlike conditions of the pleura are rare, but diagnosis is facilitated by recognizing certain imaging patterns and interpreting them in the clinical context. A tumorlike condition of the pleura is any nonneoplastic lesion of the pleura itself, or within the pleural space, that resembles a tumor. An approach to diagnosis of the tumorlike conditions of the pleura is provided, and these conditions are grouped into focal or diffuse conditions, with an emphasis on specific imaging features.

Pseudoachondroplasia and the seven Ovitz siblings who survived Auschwitz.

This historical report focuses on the first clinical description of pseudoachondroplasia and its radiographic findings. Only half a century ago, pseudoachondroplasia was recognized as a genetic disorder with a distinct but variable phenotype of short stature, normal facial features, and progressive joint problems starting in adolescence. Radiologically, the disease is particularly intriguing because the patients appear normal at birth.

Fetal and neonatal bone health: update on bone growth and manifestations in health and disease.

The neonatal period is classically described as the first 28 days of life, but owing to the fact that changes in skeletal tissue occur at a somewhat slower pace than those of other organ systems, events of the first few months are considered herein. Neonatal bone health is a problem of growing interest and concern because of the increasing recognition of its impact upon childhood, adolescent and even adult bone health. Osteoporosis in adulthood often has its roots in childhood and some forms may be prevented by proper attention to neonatal and childhood bone health.