Recapping and mite removal behaviour in Cuba: home to the world's largest population of Varroa-resistant European honeybees.

The Varroa destructor ectoparasitic mite has spread globally and in conjunction with Deformed Wing Virus has killed millions of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies. This has forced Northern hemisphere beekeepers into using miticides to avoid mass colony losses. However, in many Southern hemisphere countries widespread treatment did not occur since miticides were prohibitively expensive, or a centralised choice was made not to treat, both allowing natural selection to act.

Pitfalls in medicine: pain out of proportion to examination findings.

Most life-threatening conditions form a coherent clinical picture, with examination findings confirming the patient's history. However, pain out of proportion to examination findings can also signify an emergency - acute compartment syndrome, bowel ischaemia, necrotising fasciitis and acute aortic dissection may all present in this way. A lack of situational awareness leads doctors to erroneously rely on examination findings to flag impending catastrophe, but in such cases misdiagnosis or delayed treatment can have dire consequences.

What they don't teach you in medical school: helping the patient with chest pain of unknown cause.

Chest pain is a common presenting complaint with a broad differential diagnosis. Even after the full array of special investigations, a cause cannot be found in some patients. Psychological factors can play a significant role in the perception of chest pain.

Ten Years of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) in Hawaiian Honey Bees (), the Dominant DWV-A Variant Is Potentially Being Replaced by Variants with a DWV-B Coding Sequence.

The combination of Deformed wing virus (DWV) and   is arguably one of the greatest threats currently facing western honey bees, . s association with DWV has decreased viral diversity and increased loads of DWV within honey bee populations. Nowhere has this been better studied than in Hawaii, where the arrival of progressively led to the dominance of the single master variant (DWV-A) on both mite-infested Hawaiian Islands of Oahu and Big Island.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a Buckfast bee, (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Northern Ireland.

We analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of the 'Buckfast bee', collected from North Ireland, UK. It consisted of a circular molecule of 16,353 bp. The genome contained 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes, along with one A + T-rich control region.