Protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of prognostic factors of foot ulceration in people with diabetes: the international research collaboration for the prediction of diabetic foot ulcerations (PODUS).

Background: Diabetes-related lower limb amputations are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and are usually preceded by foot ulceration. The available systematic reviews of aggregate data are compromised because the primary studies report both adjusted and unadjusted estimates. As adjusted meta-analyses of aggregate data can be challenging, the best way to standardise the analytical approach is to conduct a meta-analysis based on individual patient data (IPD).

Correlates of hypertension among Chippewa and Menominee Indians, the Inter-Tribal Heart Project.

Objective: The objective of this study was to document the prevalence and control of hypertension among Chippewa and Menominee Indians who participated in the Inter-Tribal Heart Project (ITHP), and to identify the covariates of controlled hypertension in this population.

Design: Participants responded to an interviewer-administered questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and laboratory screening.

Setting/participants: A random sample of 1376 individuals aged > or = 25 years who were active users of the Indian Health Service clinics on the Chippewa and Menominee Reservations and participated in the ITHP.

Regional variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among American Indians and Alaska Natives with diabetes.

Objective: To compare by region risk factors for cardiovascular disease among American Indian populations with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Trained providers from 185 federal, urban, and tribally operated facilities reviewed the records from systematic random samples of the patients included in the local diabetes registries in the 1998 Indian Health Service (IHS) Diabetes Care and Outcomes Audit. Selected measures of cardiovascular risk were aggregated by region and adjusted to calculate regional rates for patients <45 years of age (n = 2,595) and those aged > or =45 years (n = 8,294).