A Comprehensive Review of the Physical Examination for the Biceps-Labrum Complex of the Shoulder.

Biceps-labrum complex (BLC) disease is a well-established pain generator in the shoulder. Despite its ubiquity, BLC disease continues to pose a diagnostic challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. The use of magnetic resonance imaging and glenohumeral arthroscopy in the diagnosis of BLC disease has proven to be inadequate when performed independently.

Whole genome sequencing reveals population diversity and variation in HIV-1 specific host genes.

HIV infection continues to be a major global public health issue. The population heterogeneity in susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 and progression upon infection is attributable to, among other factors, host genetic variation. Therefore, identifying population-specific variation and genetic modifiers of HIV infectivity can catapult the invention of effective strategies against HIV-1 in African populations.

Single-haplotype comparative genomics provides insights into lineage-specific structural variation during cat evolution.

The role of structurally dynamic genomic regions in speciation is poorly understood due to challenges inherent in diploid genome assembly. Here we reconstructed the evolutionary dynamics of structural variation in five cat species by phasing the genomes of three interspecies F1 hybrids to generate near-gapless single-haplotype assemblies. We discerned that cat genomes have a paucity of segmental duplications relative to great apes, explaining their remarkable karyotypic stability.

Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution.

The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a charismatic megafauna species that originated and diversified in Asia and probably experienced population contraction and expansion during the Pleistocene, resulting in low genetic diversity of modern tigers. However, little is known about patterns of genomic diversity in ancient populations. Here we generated whole-genome sequences from ancient or historical (100-10,000 yr old) specimens collected across mainland Asia, including a 10,600-yr-old Russian Far East specimen (RUSA21, 8× coverage) plus six ancient mitogenomes, 14 South China tigers (0.

A novel video compendium of real surgical patient interactions for medical students.

Objective: To develop a novel video compendium of real surgical patient interactions as a tool for medical student education and to evaluate our institutional experience of its usefulness.

Design: compendium of real surgical patient interactions.

Setting: Single university affiliated hospital in Cork, Ireland.

Chromosome-length genome assemblies and cytogenomic analyses of pangolins reveal remarkable chromosome counts and plasticity.

We report the first chromosome-length genome assemblies for three species in the mammalian order Pholidota: the white-bellied, Chinese, and Sunda pangolins. Surprisingly, we observe extraordinary karyotypic plasticity within this order and, in female white-bellied pangolins, the largest number of chromosomes reported in a Laurasiatherian mammal: 2n = 114. We perform the first karyotype analysis of an African pangolin and report a Y-autosome fusion in white-bellied pangolins, resulting in 2n = 113 for males.

Temporal increase in the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma in Kentucky and factors associated with adverse outcomes.

Background: Anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) incidence in Kentucky is increasing at an alarming rate. In 2009, the incidence surpassed the US national average (2.66 vs.

The Pioneer Advantage: Filling the blank spots on the map of genome diversity in Europe.

Documenting genome diversity is important for the local biomedical communities and instrumental in developing precision and personalized medicine. Currently, tens of thousands of whole-genome sequences from Europe are publicly available, but most of these represent populations of developed countries of Europe. The uneven distribution of the available data is further impaired by the lack of data sharing.

A decade of GigaScience: A perspective on conservation genetics.

Wide interest in species conservation is young. To many it began early in 1903 when Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir set up a camp under the Grizzly Giant in the Mariposa Grove of California's Yosemite Valley. Over three days they decided to broaden the US National Park footprint across the USA.

Impact of myopenia and myosteatosis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for chronic pancreatitis.

Background: Surgery for chronic pancreatitis is associated with major morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to examine the role of preoperative muscle volume and quality on postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Methods: All patients who underwent abdominal surgery for chronic pancreatitis between 2011 and 2018 were identified from an institutional surgical database.

Increased Expression of Long Non-coding RNA H19 is Associated With Colon Cancer Recurrence.

Background: Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Long non-coding (Lnc) RNAs are critical mediators of tumor biology. H19 is a well-characterized lncRNA involved in p53 regulation and cancer progression.

Genomic evidence for the Chinese mountain cat as a wildcat conspecific () and its introgression to domestic cats.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Chinese mountain cat has a controversial taxonomic status, whether it is a true species or a wildcat () subspecies and whether it has contributed to cat () domestication in East Asia. Here, we sampled lineages across China and sequenced 51 nuclear genomes, 55 mitogenomes, and multilocus regions from 270 modern or museum specimens. Genome-wide analyses classified the Chinese mountain cat as a wildcat conspecific , which was not involved in cat domestication of China, thus supporting a single domestication origin arising from the African wildcat ().

Draft de novo Genome Assembly of the Elusive Jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi.

The Puma lineage within the family Felidae consists of 3 species that last shared a common ancestor around 4.9 million years ago. Whole-genome sequences of 2 species from the lineage were previously reported: the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and the mountain lion (Puma concolor).

Decreased Tumoral Expression of Colon-Specific Water Channel Aquaporin 8 Is Associated With Reduced Overall Survival in Colon Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Colon cancer survival is dependent on metastatic potential and treatment. Large RNA-sequencing data sets may assist in identifying colon cancer-specific biomarkers to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to identify a highly specific biomarker for overall survival in colon adenocarcinoma by using an RNA-sequencing data set.

Genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with risk of HBV infection and disease progression.

Background: Recent studies have identified susceptibility genes of HBV clearance, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and showed the host genetic factors play an important role in these HBV-related outcomes.

Methods: Collected samples from different outcomes of HBV infection and performed genotyping by Affymetrix 500 k SNP Array. GCTA tool, PLINK, and Bonferroni method were applied for analysis of genotyping and disease progression.

Metabolic dysfunction and early-onset colorectal cancer - how macrophages build the bridge.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients <50 years of age has increased dramatically over the last decades. At the same time, the growing proportion of obese children and adolescents and the increasing proportion of young and obese patients with CRC suggests an association between metabolic dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are able to orchestrate tumor promoting and suppressing mechanisms in CRC.

Crohn's disease-related single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with ileal pouch afferent limb stenosis.

Background: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a common surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis. Afferent limb stenosis is an infrequent complication following IPAA, suggesting underlying Crohn's disease (CD). We hypothesized that CD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with afferent limb stenosis.

Karyotype Evolution in 10 Pinniped Species: Variability of Heterochromatin versus High Conservatism of Euchromatin as Revealed by Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics.

Pinnipedia karyotype evolution was studied here using human, domestic dog, and stone marten whole-chromosome painting probes to obtain comparative chromosome maps among species of Odobenidae (), Phocidae (, , , , ), and Otariidae (, , , and ). Structural and functional chromosomal features were assessed with telomere repeat and ribosomal-DNA probes and by CBG (C-bands revealed by barium hydroxide treatment followed by Giemsa staining) and CDAG (Chromomycin A3-DAPI after G-banding) methods. We demonstrated diversity of heterochromatin among pinniped karyotypes in terms of localization, size, and nucleotide composition.