"Black Bone" MRI: a novel imaging technique for 3D printing.

Objectives: Three-dimensionally printed anatomical models are rapidly becoming an integral part of pre-operative planning of complex surgical cases. We have previously reported the "Black Bone" MRI technique as a non-ionizing alternative to CT. Segmentation of bone becomes possible by minimizing soft tissue contrast to enhance the bone-soft tissue boundary.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Craniofacial Skeleton With Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging ("Black Bone"): What Is Currently Possible?

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed computed tomography (CT) imaging has become an integral component of craniomaxillofacial patient care. However, with increasing concern regarding the use of ionizing radiation, particularly in children with benign conditions who require repeated examinations, dose reduction and nonionizing alternatives are actively being sought. The "Black Bone" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique provides uniform contrast of the soft tissues to enhance the definition of cortical bone.

"Black Bone" MRI: a potential alternative to CT with three-dimensional reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis.

Objectives: To determine the potential of novel gradient echo parameters, "Black Bone" MRI as an alternative to CT in the identification of normal and prematurely fused cranial sutures both in 2D and 3D imaging.

Methods: Thirteen children with a clinical diagnosis of craniosynostosis underwent "Black Bone" MRI in addition to routine cranial CT. "Black Bone" datasets were compared to CT and clinical findings.

Magnetic resonance imaging predicts survival and occult metastasis in oral cancer: a dual-centre, retrospective study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tumour variables measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict 2-year disease-related survival and occult cervical lymph node metastasis in oral carcinoma. In this retrospective, dual-centre study the volume and thickness of tumours were measured using archived MRI staging scans of 199 patients who had curative primary resection for histologically confirmed oral carcinoma. Tumour volume predicted survival when grouped using the median (3.

MRI pre-treatment tumour volume in maxillary complex squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgical resection.

Unlabelled: Tumour volume (Tv) measurements obtained from pre-treatment CT and MRI have increasingly shown to be more reliable predictors of outcome than TNM stage. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of MRI calculated maxillary complex tumour volume with patient outcome.

Methods: The medical records of 39 patients with squamous cell carcinoma involving the maxillary sinus, maxilla, hard palate and maxillary alveolus were reviewed and tumour volume measurements completed on pre-treatment MRI.

Normal values of regional and global myocardial wall motion in young and elderly individuals using navigator gated tissue phase mapping.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate normal values for regional and global myocardial wall motion parameters in young and elderly individuals, as detected by navigator gated high temporal resolution tissue phase mapping. Radial, longitudinal and circumferential ventricular wall motion, as well as ventricular torsion and longitudinal strain rates, were assessed in two age groups of volunteers, 23 ± 3 (n = 14) and 66 ± 7 years old (n = 9), respectively. All subjects were healthy, non-smokers without known cardiac disease.

A detailed anatomical assessment of the lateral tongue extrinsic musculature, and proximity to the tongue mucosal surface. Does this confirm the current TNM T4a muscular subclassification?

Purpose: The current T4a subclassification of the TNM staging system for oral malignancies has been criticised as based almost exclusively on anatomical data. The aim of this study was to provide anatomical confirmation of the muscular constraints of T4a classification of oral tongue tumours.

Methods: A detailed anatomical study describing and measuring the adjacency of the named extrinsic tongue muscles to the lateral tongue surface was completed on the Visible Human Female (VHF).

Identification of normal cranial sutures in infants on routine magnetic resonance imaging.

There are increasing concerns relating to the ionizing effects of computed tomography imaging in infants with benign conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potential alternative to ionizing radiation when determining patency of the cranial sutures; however, there is no documentation in the literature on the appearance of normal cranial sutures in infants on MRI. This study reviews the appearance of the cranial sutures, their widths, and accuracy of identification in the first year of life on MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based tumor volume measurements predict outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the benefit of pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tumor volume (Tv) measurements in patients presenting with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) involving the oral cavity subsites most frequently associated with mandibular bone invasion.

Study Design: A 10-year retrospective study of all patients undergoing surgical resection for primary SCC of the retromolar trigone, mandible, or floor of mouth (with bone involvement) was completed. In total, 62 patients met the inclusion criteria, and Tv measurements completed on their pretreatment MRI.

Angioleiomyoma of the hard palate: report of a case and review of the literature and magnetic resonance imaging findings of this rare entity.

Angioleiomyomas are benign solitary smooth muscle tumors originating in the tunica media of vessels. They are rarely encountered within the oral cavity, and the number of reported cases specifically involving the hard palate remains small. A 39-year-old man presented with a 2-cm painless swelling on the left anterior hard palate.

Longitudinally and circumferentially directed movements of the left ventricle studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast velocity mapping.

Objective: Using high resolution cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), we aimed to detect new details of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, to explain the twisting and longitudinal movements of the left ventricle.

Methods: Using CMR phase contrast velocity mapping (also called Tissue Phase Mapping) regional wall motion patterns and longitudinally and circumferentially directed movements of the left ventricle were studied using a high temporal resolution technique in healthy male subjects (n = 14, age 23 +/- 3 years).

Results: Previously undescribed systolic and diastolic motion patterns were obtained for left ventricular segments (based on the AHA segmental) and for basal, mid and apical segments.

MRI for definitive in utero diagnosis of cleft palate: a useful adjunct to antenatal care?

Objective: To assess the use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in obtaining a definitive prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate.

Design: All expectant mothers with a sonographically diagnosed fetal cleft lip or a previously affected child with cleft palate were offered antenatal MRI at around 34 weeks' gestation. Images were interpreted by a consultant radiologist who was blinded to the ultrasound diagnosis.

Patterns of ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome: a study utilising magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To evaluate and compare MRI-based ovarian morphology in groups of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls.

Methods: All PCOS cases (n = 44) had oligo-amenorrhoea and hyperandrogenism irrespective of ovarian morphology, and fulfilled NIH/Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for PCOS. All control women (n = 40) had normal menses and normoandrogenaemia.

Serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and adiponectin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: associations with visceral fat but no evidence for fat mass-independent effects on pathogenesis in this condition.

Context: Insulin resistance, which associates with levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and adiponectin, is implicated in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the potential contribution of RBP4 and adiponectin in the etiology of PCOS and their relationships with specific fat depot measurements.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Global adiposity rather than abnormal regional fat distribution characterizes women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Obesity-related predisposition to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could reflect overall adiposity and/or regional accumulation of abdominal visceral fat.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare distributions of visceral, abdominal sc, and gluteofemoral sc adipose tissue in PCOS cases vs. control women.

Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT): the dose challenge of the new revolution.

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has dramatically increased the flexibility and availability of computed tomography (CT), so that the technique is being used increasingly across a widening range of applications. However CT still remains a technique with high absorbed radiation dose, and contributes an increasingly greater proportion of the total collective dose from man-made sources of radiation. Many, but not all, new applications are supported by clinical benefit.