The critical role of magma degassing in sulphide melt mobility and metal enrichment.

Much of the world's supply of battery metals and platinum group elements (PGE) comes from sulphide ore bodies formed in ancient sub-volcanic magma plumbing systems. Research on magmatic sulphide ore genesis mainly focuses on sulphide melt-silicate melt equilibria. However, over the past few years, increasing evidence of the role of volatiles in magmatic sulphide ore systems has come to light.

Chromitite layers indicate the existence of large, long-lived, and entirely molten magma chambers.

The classical paradigm of the 'big magma tank' chambers in which the melt differentiates, is replenished, and occasionally feeds the overlying volcanos has recently been challenged on various grounds. An alternative school of thought is that such large, long-lived and largely molten magma chambers are transient to non-existent in Earth's history. Our study of stratiform chromitites in the Bushveld Complex-the largest magmatic body in the Earth's continental crust-tells, however, a different story.

Vaporized E-Cigarette Liquids Induce Ion Transport Dysfunction in Airway Epithelia.

Cigarette smoking is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. Acquired ion transport abnormalities, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, caused by cigarette smoking have been proposed as potential mechanisms for mucus obstruction in chronic bronchitis. Although e-cigarette use is popular and perceived to be safe, whether it harms the airways via mechanisms altering ion transport remains unclear.

Role of degassing of the Noril'sk nickel deposits in the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event.

The largest mass extinction event in Earth's history marks the boundary between the Permian and Triassic Periods at circa 252 Ma and has been linked with the eruption of the basaltic Siberian Traps large igneous province (SLIP). One of the kill mechanisms that has been suggested is a biogenic methane burst triggered by the release of vast amounts of nickel into the atmosphere. A proposed Ni source lies within the huge Noril'sk nickel ore deposits, which formed in magmatic conduits widely believed to have fed the eruption of the SLIP basalts.

Archean komatiite volcanism controlled by the evolution of early continents.

The generation and evolution of Earth's continental crust has played a fundamental role in the development of the planet. Its formation modified the composition of the mantle, contributed to the establishment of the atmosphere, and led to the creation of ecological niches important for early life. Here we show that in the Archean, the formation and stabilization of continents also controlled the location, geochemistry, and volcanology of the hottest preserved lavas on Earth: komatiites.