The epidemiology of overtransfusion of red cells in trauma resuscitation patients in the context of a mature massive transfusion protocol.

Purpose: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion remains an integral part of trauma resuscitation and an independent predictor of unfavourable outcomes. It is often administered urgently based on clinical judgement. These facts put trauma patients at high risk of potentially dangerous overtransfusion.

Predictive Risk Factors for Continued Smoking after the Diagnosis of a Genitourinary Malignancy.

Objective: To determine risk factors for continued smoking following a diagnosis of a genitourinary (GU) malignancy. Smoking is a well established risk factor in the development of cancers involving the GU tract. Unfortunately, a large percentage of patients continue to smoke or relapse after cancer diagnosis; by doing so, there is an increased risk of recurrence, poor survival rates, treatment complications, secondary primary cancers, and other chronic smoking related illnesses.

The impact of mandatory iodine fortification and supplementation on pregnant and lactating women in Australia.

Background And Objectives: In Australia, two public health measures were introduced between 2009 and 2010 to reduce iodine deficiency. However there has been a shortage of information regarding their effectiveness and the ongoing prevalence of iodine deficiency in Australia. The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent to which these public health measures have reduced rates of iodine deficiency among pregnant and lactating women.

Inferring watershed hydraulics and cold-water habitat persistence using multi-year air and stream temperature signals.

Streams strongly influenced by groundwater discharge may serve as "climate refugia" for sensitive species in regions of increasingly marginal thermal conditions. The main goal of this study is to develop paired air and stream water annual temperature signal analysis techniques to elucidate the relative groundwater contribution to stream water and the effective groundwater flowpath depth. Groundwater discharge to streams attenuates surface water temperature signals, and this attenuation can be diagnostic of groundwater gaining systems.

Usefulness of Preoperative Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Testicular Rupture in the Setting of Scrotal Gunshot Wounds.

Purpose: A scrotal gunshot wound may result in testicular injury, necessitating urgent scrotal exploration and attempted testicular salvage. Scrotal ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific for testicular rupture in the setting of blunt scrotal trauma but it has been poorly studied in the setting of scrotal gunshot wounds. Our objective was to determine the accuracy of scrotal ultrasound to identify testicular rupture following a scrotal gunshot wound.

Hydrogeochemical controls on brook trout spawning habitats in a coastal stream.

Brook trout spawn in fall and overwintering egg development can benefit from stable, relatively warm temperatures in groundwater-seepage zones. However, eggs are also sensitive to dissolved oxygen concentration, which may be reduced in discharging groundwater (i.e.

Genitourinary skin and soft tissue infections: a prospective contemporary evaluation of causative pathogens.

Purpose: Prior literature identified anaerobes as the predominant causative organisms in genitourinary skin and soft tissue infections. However, the increasing prevalence of community acquired, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection has brought about the growing need to reevaluate these infections and their causative organisms. We examined the causative organisms and risk factors in suppurative superficial genitourinary infections, and evaluated the growing role of community acquired, methicillin resistant S.

Brief smoking cessation intervention: a prospective trial in the urology setting.

Purpose: Urologists have an important role in the treatment of tobacco related diseases, such as kidney and bladder cancer. Despite this role, urologists receive little training in promoting tobacco cessation. We prospectively evaluated a brief smoking cessation intervention offered by a urologist at an outpatient clinic.

Ethnicity and smoking status are associated with awareness of smoking related genitourinary diseases.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for kidney cancer, bladder cancer and erectile dysfunction. However, little is known regarding patient knowledge of these associations. We evaluated awareness of smoking as a risk factor for genitourinary disease and identified variables associated with awareness.

Clinical outcomes of nonoperative management in emphysematous urinary tract infections.

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes of nonoperative management of emphysematous urinary tract infections (EUTIs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 consecutive cases of EUTI over a 5-year period, all of which were treated with urinary drainage and medical management without surgical intervention. EUTIs were classified as either emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) or emphysematous cystitis (EC).

Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders.

Objective: To provide a qualitative, systematic update and review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy in mood disorders, adverse effects, and costs of lamotrigine.

Data Sources: Citations obtained from MEDLINE searches (1985-September 2001) using lamotrigine as a text word, articles identified in reference lists of pertinent articles, abstracts presented at conferences, and research data from GlaxoSmithKline.

Data Extraction: English-language articles were considered for possible inclusion.