Publications by authors named "Stephen Ho"

Inferior vena cava (IVC) compression secondary to mass effect is accompanied by edema, ascites, back and abdominal pain, and central nervous system symptoms. Most IVC syndrome cases described in the literature focus on the focal treatment of IVC lesions, and reports of complete iliocaval reconstructions secondary to malignant IVC syndrome in the palliative context are limited. In this case report, we describe the clinical presentation, technical approach, and symptomatic outcomes of a patient with extensive malignant compression and invasion of the iliofemoral venous system.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study looks at how non-irradiated parts of the liver can grow bigger after a treatment called Yttrium-90 (Y) transarterial radioembolization (TARE), which helps patients who might not qualify for surgery.
  • Researchers examined 23 patients with liver cancer and used scans to check liver growth six months after their treatment.
  • They found that the size of healthy liver compared to the total liver size was really important for predicting how much the liver would grow after the treatment, which could help in planning surgeries.
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Purpose: To determine whether hepatic hilar nerve block techniques reduce analgesic and sedation requirements during percutaneous image-guided thermal ablation of hepatic tumors.

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort analysis was performed of 177 patients (median age, 67 years; range, 33-86 years) who underwent percutaneous image-guided thermal ablation of liver tumors. All patients were treated utilizing local anesthetic and moderate sedation between November 2018 and November 2021 at a tertiary level hospital, with or without the administration of a hepatic hilar nerve block.

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It seemed clear that the growth was linked to a recent trip to a tropical location. But the true cause wasn't the one that was originally suspected.

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As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, there is an increasing need for rapid, accessible assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection. We present a clinical evaluation and real-world implementation of the INDICAID COVID-19 rapid antigen test (INDICAID rapid test). A multisite clinical evaluation of the INDICAID rapid test using prospectively collected nasal (bilateral anterior) swab samples from symptomatic subjects was performed.

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LY2775240 is a highly selective, potent and orally-administered inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), and is being investigated as a treatment option for inflammatory disorders, such as psoriasis. LY2775240 was investigated in rodent and rhesus monkey nonclinical models. Treatment with LY2775240 led to significant reductions in TNFα production, a marker of PDE4 engagement upon immune activation, in both nonclinical models.

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Background: Yttrium-90 (Y-90) can be an effective liver-directed therapy for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but population-based data are limited. We characterized the use of Y-90 in NET patients and identified factors associated with response.

Methods: We identified 49 patients with metastatic liver-dominant NETs across BC Cancer's six regional centres who received Y-90 between June 2011 and January 2017 in British Columbia, Canada.

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Objectives: To (a) compare palliative care needs of lung cancer patients on their final admission to community-based and inpatient palliative care services; and (b) explore whether and how these care needs affect their utilisation of different palliative care services in the last days of life.

Methods: Descriptive study involving 17,816 lung cancer patients who received the last episode of palliative care from specialist services and died between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018.

Results: Both groups of patients admitted to community-based and inpatient palliative care services generally experienced relatively low levels of symptom distress, but high levels of functional impairment and dependency.

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Objective: Dysregulated immune responses are the cause of IBDs. Studies in mice and humans suggest a central role of interleukin (IL)-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes in disease pathogenesis. Mechanistic insights into the regulation of IL-23 are prerequisite for selective IL-23 targeting therapies as part of personalised medicine.

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Purpose: To assess safety and efficacy of a modified rapid hemostasis protocol for distal transradial access (TRA).

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective study of patients undergoing percutaneous image-guided procedures from a distal TRA with rapid deflation hemostasis protocol was performed. Between March 2017 and August 2019, 593 procedures in 434 patients were performed.

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Background: There is a growing emphasis on the importance of availability of specialist palliative care for people living with dementia. However, for people imminently dying with dementia, we still have little knowledge about their palliative care needs and utilization of different specialist services.

Objectives: To (i) assess palliative care needs and other clinical and social characteristics of people imminently dying with dementia on their last admission in the context of community and inpatient palliative care services before death; (ii) compare care needs between patients requiring community-based and inpatient services; (iii) determine how and whether such care needs affect utilization of different palliative care services.

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Purpose: To assess left radial artery size, technical feasibility and safety of ldTRA in the anatomical snuffbox for percutaneous image-guided procedures.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective single-center study was performed from November 2016 to June 2018 on all patients undergoing ldTRA for interventional radiology procedures.

Results: A total of 287 patients (91 female and 196 male), aged 18-94 years (mean age 64 years), were included.

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Bryostatin 1 is a marine natural product under investigation for HIV/AIDS eradication, the treatment of neurological disorders, and enhanced CAR T/NK cell immunotherapy. Despite its promising activity, bryostatin 1 is neither evolved nor optimized for the treatment of human disease. Here we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of several close-in analogs of bryostatin 1.

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Article Synopsis
  • Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombus often have a poor prognosis, and this study compares two treatment methods: ablative transarterial radioembolization (A-TARE) and conventional transarterial radioembolization (cTARE).
  • The study included 57 patients, showing that A-TARE significantly improved overall survival (45.3 months) compared to cTARE (18.2 months), with a lower risk of death and better 4-year survival rates.
  • Both treatment methods showed acceptable liver toxicity levels, indicating that neither approach negatively impacted liver function.
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Purpose: Comparing total fluoroscopy time (FT) to perform uterine artery embolization (UAE) with transradial approach (TRA) versus transfemoral approach (TFA). Our hypothesis was that there would be no significant procedural time penalty incurred, despite the learning curve associated with adopting a new approach.

Materials And Methods: A cohort study was undertaken including 66 consecutive patients undergoing UAE with either TRA/TFA between January and September 2015.

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Purpose: Acute radiologic emergencies, primarily severe contrast reactions, are rare but life-threatening events. Given a generalized paucity of formalized or mandated training, studies have shown that radiologists and trainees perform poorly when acutely managing such events. Moreover, skill base, knowledge, and comfort levels precipitously decline over time given the infrequent occurrence of these events during one's daily practice.

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HIV latency in resting CD4+ T cell represents a key barrier preventing cure of the infection with antiretroviral drugs alone. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) can activate HIV expression in latently infected cells, potentially leading to their elimination through virus-mediated cytopathic effects, host immune responses, and/or therapeutic strategies targeting cells actively expressing virus. We have recently described several structurally simplified analogs of the PKC modulator LRA bryostatin (termed bryologs) designed to improve synthetic accessibility, tolerability in vivo, and efficacy in inducing HIV latency reversal.

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Purpose: To evaluate cone-beam parenchymal blood volume (PBV) before and after embolization as a predictor of radiographic response to transarterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: A phase IIa prospective clinical trial was conducted in patients with HCCs > 1.5 cm undergoing chemoembolization; 52 tumors in 40 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Criteria stage B disease met inclusion criteria.

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Surgical resection, when feasible, is the standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, many tumours are not resectable at the time of diagnosis. Recently, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a non-invasive local therapy for both non-resectable primary hepatic malignancies as well as hepatic metastases.

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Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the general principles, technique, and clinical applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver.

Conclusion: Proper technique and optimization of contrast-enhanced ultrasound require a balance between maintaining the integrity of the microbubble contrast agent and preserving the ultrasound signal. Established and emerging applications in the liver include diagnosis of focal lesions, aiding ultrasound-guided intervention, monitoring of therapy, and aiding surgical management.

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We describe a fully data driven model that learns to perform a retrosynthetic reaction prediction task, which is treated as a sequence-to-sequence mapping problem. The end-to-end trained model has an encoder-decoder architecture that consists of two recurrent neural networks, which has previously shown great success in solving other sequence-to-sequence prediction tasks such as machine translation. The model is trained on 50,000 experimental reaction examples from the United States patent literature, which span 10 broad reaction types that are commonly used by medicinal chemists.

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Bryostatin 1 is an exceedingly scarce marine-derived natural product that is in clinical development directed at HIV/AIDS eradication, cancer immunotherapy, and the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Despite this unique portfolio of indications, its availability has been limited and variable, thus impeding research and clinical studies. Here, we report a total synthesis of bryostatin 1 that proceeds in 29 total steps (19 in the longest linear sequence, >80% average yield per step), collectively produces grams of material, and can be scaled to meet clinical needs (~20 grams per year).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transradial access (TRA) procedures at a single medical center, analyzing a range of interventions performed on 562 patients.
  • A total of 749 TRA procedures were carried out, with very few complications; only 0.5% required switching to a different access method, and most patients reported satisfaction with this technique.
  • The findings suggest that TRA is a safe option with benefits in terms of department efficiency and costs, and a majority of patients who previously had femoral access preferred TRA for future procedures.
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An approach to the validation of linker strategies for polyketide natural products with few or no obvious handles for linker attachment, and its application to dictyostatin, are described. Analogues in which the C(6)- and C(12)-methyl groups were replaced by 4-azidobutyl groups were prepared and shown to retain the low nanomolar potency of dictyostatin. Further, conjugation of the C(6) analogue with a cyclooctyne resulted in only minor attenuations in potency.

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