Heart rate monitoring in soccer: interest and limits during competitive match play and training, practical application.

The identification of physiological loads imposed by soccer training or match play reveals essential information, which may help improve training and recovery strategies. Until today, the use of heart rate (HR) monitoring is not standardized in soccer. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze, determine and compare the exercise intensity (EI) monitored by HR in professional, youth, and recreational soccer players during matches and training sessions using a meta-analysis.

Small-sided games in soccer: amateur vs. professional players' physiological responses, physical, and technical activities.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the playing level in soccer (i.e., amateur vs.

Physiology of small-sided games training in football: a systematic review.

Small-sided games (SSGs) are played on reduced pitch areas, often using modified rules and involving a smaller number of players than traditional football. These games are less structured than traditional fitness training methods but are very popular training drills for players of all ages and levels. At present, there is relatively little information regarding how SSGs can best be used to improve physical capacities and technical or tactical skills in footballers.

Effect of post-match cold-water immersion on subsequent match running performance in junior soccer players during tournament play.

In this study, we investigated the effects of two hydrotherapy interventions on match running performance and perceptual measures of fatigue and recovery during a 4-day soccer tournament. Twenty male junior soccer players were assigned to one of two treatment groups and undertook either cold-water immersion (5 × 1 min at 10 °C) or thermoneutral water immersion (5 × 1 min at 34 °C) after each match. High-intensity running distance (>15 km · h⁻¹) and total distance covered, time spent in low (<80% maximum heart rate), moderate (80-90% maximum heart rate), and high (>90% maximum heart rate) heart rate zones, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each match.

Time-motion characteristics and physiological responses of small-sided games in elite youth players: the influence of player number and rule changes.

The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with 4 soccer-specific small-sided game (SSG) formats (3 vs. 4 players, 3 vs. 3 players + floater, 5 vs.

Effects of cold-water immersion on physical performance between successive matches in high-performance junior male soccer players.

In this study, we investigated the effect of water immersion on physical test performance and perception of fatigue/recovery during a 4-day simulated soccer tournament. Twenty high-performance junior male soccer players (age 15.9 +/- 0.

Acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of two small-sided training regimes in youth soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with continuous and intermittent small-sided games (SSGs). The continuous (SSGC) regime involved 24 minutes' playing duration (no planned rest intervals), whereas the intermittent regime (SSGI) involved 4 x 6-minute bouts with 1.5 minutes of passive planned rest (work:rest ratio 4:1).

Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of various small-sided soccer games in youth players.

The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics associated with three different small-sided soccer game formats in youth players. Sixteen male soccer players aged 16.3+/-0.

Variability of acute physiological responses and performance profiles of youth soccer players in small-sided games.

The aim of this study was to examine the variability in physiological and perceptual responses and time-motion profiles of various small-sided soccer game (SSG) formats (2 versus 2, 4 versus 4 and 6 versus 6 players) and regimes (interval and continuous). Typical error (TE) was calculated for mean heart rate as a percentage of maximum heart rate (%HR(max)), global ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate [La(-)] and various time-motion characteristics for 16 male soccer players (mean 16.2 years, range 15.

Effects of resistance training on H+ regulation, buffer capacity, and repeated sprints.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of resistance training on muscle buffer capacity, H regulation, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).

Methods: Sixteen recreationally active females performed a graded exercise test to determine VO2peak and the lactate threshold (LT), a repeated-sprint test (5 x 6 s, every 30 s) to determine RSA, and a 60-s high-intensity exercise test based on their pretraining RSA score (CIT60; continuous cycling at approximately 160% VO2peak). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were sampled before and immediately after CIT60.

Comparison of muscle buffer capacity and repeated-sprint ability of untrained, endurance-trained and team-sport athletes.

We measured the muscle buffer capacity (betam) and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) of young females, who were either team-sport athletes (n = 7), endurance trained (n = 6) or untrained but physically active (n = 8). All subjects performed a graded exercise test to determine VO(2peak) followed 2 days later by a cycle test of RSA (5 x 6 s, every 30 s). Resting muscle samples (Vastus lateralis) were taken to determine betam.