Modelling the ballistic-to-diffusive transition in nematode motility reveals variation in exploratory behaviour across species.

A quantitative understanding of organism-level behaviour requires predictive models that can capture the richness of behavioural phenotypes, yet are simple enough to connect with underlying mechanistic processes. Here, we investigate the motile behaviour of nematodes at the level of their translational motion on surfaces driven by undulatory propulsion. We broadly sample the nematode behavioural repertoire by measuring motile trajectories of the canonical laboratory strain Caenorhabditis elegans N2 as well as wild strains and distant species.

Glove-Related Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

Hand dermatitis is a common condition with a lifetime prevalence of 20%. Glove allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a very important dermatitis affecting health care workers, hairdressers, cleaning personnel, kitchen workers, craftsmen, construction workers, laboratory workers, and homemakers. Occupationally related cases may be severe and can result in significant disability.

The Medical Necessity of Comprehensive Patch Testing.

Allergic contact dermatitis is associated with significant disease and economic burden in the United States. To properly manage allergic contact dermatitis, it is important to accurately identify the substance(s) implicated in the dermatitis to prevent disease recurrence. The commercially available T.

Survey of Patch Test Business Models in the United States by the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains a significant burden of disease in the United States. Patch testing is the criterion standard for diagnosing ACD, but its use may be limited by reimbursement challenges.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the current rate of patch test utilization among dermatologists in academic, group, or private practice settings to understand different patch testing business models that address these reimbursement challenges.

The CARE approach to reducing diagnostic errors.

Background: Diagnostic errors appear to be the most common, costly, and dangerous of all medical mistakes. There has been a notable increase on the focus of error prevention as part of a growing patient safety movement. However, diagnostic errors have received less attention than other types of error.

Pruritic, lightly-scaled patches on wrists.

A rash first appeared on this patient's left wrist and then spread to his right. Was his chrome-colored watch to blame--or was there a different cause?

The sarcoidal granuloma: A unifying hypothesis for an enigmatic response.

Although the cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, there is growing support for the concept that sarcoidal granulomas result from a hypersensitivity reaction producing a nonspecific response to an extrinsic or intrinsic (autoimmune) antigen in genetically susceptible individuals. The immune milieu associated with these antigens, localized in a specific cutaneous area, produces a variant of Ruocco's "immunocompromised district." This may explain the predilection for sarcoidal granulomas in association with foreign bodies, tattoos, herpes zoster-affected dermatomes, and scars.

Reducing cognitive errors in dermatology: can anything be done?

An increasing focus on the prevention of medical errors is a direct result of a growing patient safety movement. Although the reduction of technical errors has been the focus of most interventions, cognitive errors, usually more than one error linked together, actually cause the majority of misdiagnoses. This article examines the most common types of cognitive errors in dermatology.

Case report: acanthosis nigricans resulting from repetitive same-site insulin injections.

Although acanthosis nigricans (AN) may be associated with internal malignancies, a benign form is more common, and a subset of these is drug-induced. In this case, a solitary, hyperpigmented, acanthotic plaque developed on the right abdomen after daily, same-site injections of insulin over a six-month period. The lesion completely resolved eight months after insulin injections were rotated to other locations.

Angular cheilitis, part 2: nutritional, systemic, and drug-related causes and treatment.

Angular cheilitis (AC) is associated with a variety of nutritional, systemic, and drug-related factors that may act exclusively or in combination with local factors. Establishing the underlying etiology of AC is required to appropriately focus treatment efforts.

Angular cheilitis, part 1: local etiologies.

Angular cheilitis (AC) is a common condition characterized by erythema, moist maceration, ulceration, and crusting at the corners of the mouth. This article focuses on the common local factors that act alone and in combination to produce AC. These factors are categorized as irritant, allergic, and infectious causes.

Diphenhydramine as an alternative local anesthetic agent.

Patients who present with a history of "allergy" to local anesthetics are common in clinical practice. Injectable 1% diphenhydramine is a safe, inexpensive, and effective local anesthetic for simple dermatological procedures in patients who report "caine" allergies. Utilizing this agent permits the dermatologist to operate at the time of the initial visit and schedule a referral to the allergist for definitive sensitivity testing at the patient's convenience.