Inadequacy of self-Implemented preventive measures to control caries increment due to poor dietary habits in 6 and 12 years old children in Riga, Latvia.

Aim: This study investigated whether the self-implemented preventive measures practiced among the 6 and 12 years olds in Riga, Latvia can control the caries increment due to poor dietary habits among this age groups.

Material And Methods: Caries examination was performed on Thirty-eight 6 and thirty-nine 12 years olds by visual and bitewing radiographic examination at baseline and after 3 years. All participants and/or their parents completed dietary habits questionnaires.

The Effect of MI Varnish™ on Caries Increment and Dietary Habits among 6- and 12-Year-Old Children in Riga, Latvia: A 3-Year Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aims: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of MI Varnish™ (5% NaF/CPP-ACP) on caries increment in 6- and 12-year-old children in Riga, Latvia within 36 months. Methods: Forty-eight 6-year-old children (Group 1) and forty-seven 12-year-old children (Group 3) received quarterly varnish application, while forty-eight 6-year-old children (Group 2) and thirty-seven 12-year-old children (Group 4) did not have varnish applied. All children/parents received the same preventive advice.

Detection and monitoring of early dental caries and erosion using three-dimensional enhanced truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography imaging.

Significance: Dental caries is the most common oral disease, with significant effects on healthcare systems and quality of life. Developing diagnostic methods for early caries detection is key to reducing this burden and enabling non-invasive treatment as opposed to the drill-and-fill approach.

Aim: The application of a thermophotonic-based 3D imaging modality [enhanced truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography (eTC-PCT)] to early dental caries is investigated.

Caries Increment and Oral Hygiene Changes in 6- and 12-Year-Old Children in Riga, Latvia: A 3-Year Follow-Up Report Using ICDAS II and RADKE Criteria.

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the caries increment and oral hygiene changes over a 3-year period and also compare the sensitivity and specificity of Radke's caries assessment method to ICDAS II among 6- and 12-year-old children in Riga, Latvia.

Materials And Methods:  Thirty-eight 6 and thirty-nine 12-year-old children were examined visually and with bitewing (BW) radiographs for dental caries at baseline and after a 3-year period. Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs/DMFS) in all teeth were scored by one calibrated examiner using the Radke's caries scoring criteria.

3D Dental Subsurface Imaging Using Enhanced Truncated Correlation-Photothermal Coherence Tomography.

Development of accurate and sensitive dental imaging technologies is a top priority in the pursuit of high-quality dental care. However, while early dental caries detection and routine monitoring of treatment progress are crucial for effective long-term results, current radiographic technologies fall short of this objective due to low sensitivity for small lesions and use of ionizing radiation which is unsuitable for frequent monitoring. Here we demonstrate the first application of enhanced Truncated Correlation-Photothermal Coherence Tomography (eTC-PCT) to dental imaging.

Correlation with Caries Lesion Depth of The Canary System, DIAGNOdent and ICDAS II.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to correlate lesion depth of natural caries, measured with Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), to Canary Numbers (CN) derived from The Canary System™ (CS), numerical readings from DIAGNOdent (DD), and lesion scores from ICDAS II.

Methods: A total of 20 examination sites on extracted human molars and premolars were selected. The selected examination sites consisted of healthy and enamel caries on smooth and occlusal surfaces of each tooth.

Multi-Centre Clinical Evaluation of Photothermal Radiometry and Luminescence Correlated with International Benchmarks for Caries Detection.

Introduction: A clinical study was initiated to investigate a caries detection device (The Canary System (CS)), based on photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR-LUM). The primary objective of this study was to determine if PTR-LUM values (in the form of Canary Numbers; CN) correlate with International Caries Diagnostic and Assessment System (ICDAS II) scores and clinical situations. The secondary objectives of this study were to monitor the safety of PTR-LUM, and collect data to determine how CN values could be used to differentiate healthy from decayed tooth surfaces on a normalized scale.

Detection of Caries Around Amalgam Restorations Using Four Different Modalities.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of PTR-LUM (The Canary System, CS), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent, DD), LED fluorescence (Spectra), and visual inspection (ICDAS II) to detect natural decay around bonded amalgam restorations .

Methods: Seventeen extracted human molars and premolars, consisting of visually healthy (n=5) and natural cavitated (n=12) teeth were selected. For the carious teeth, caries was removed leaving some decayed tissue on the floor and or wall of the preparation.

Remineralization of natural early caries lesions in vitro by P -4 monitored with photothermal radiometry and luminescence.

Aim: The efficacy of self-assembling peptide P -4 to regenerate enamel in natural early caries lesions was evaluated over 50 days by photothermal radiometry and luminescence using The Canary System (CS) and The Canary Lab (CL).

Methods: Baseline readings for sound and carious sites on smooth surfaces of extracted teeth were obtained by scanning with CS and CL. Teeth were then randomly assigned to a treatment group (TG, treated with P -4), a placebo group (PG, same vehicle as treatment group without P -4), or a control group (CG, no treatment).

Comparison of The Canary System and DIAGNOdent for the in vitro detection of caries under opaque dental sealants.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of operators using The Canary System and DIAGNOdent to detect natural pit and fissure caries under four commonly-used opaque dental sealants.

Methods: Mixed sound and carious pits/fissures (N = 105) selected from 40 human teeth were randomly assigned (10 teeth/group) to one of four opaque sealant groups (Delton, Embrace WetBond, Helioseal F, UltraSeal XT Plus). Selected pits/fissures sites on occlusal surfaces were scanned with The Canary System and DIAGNOdent, sealed, re-scanned, and subjected to polarized light microscopy to confirm whether the scanned regions were sound or carious.

Factors influencing the caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia.

Aim: Authors assessed the influence of drinking tea with sugar, level of cariogenic microflora and use of fluoride toothpaste and tablets on caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia.

Methods: 141 six and 164 twelve year old children were examined clinically and with bitewing radiographs to determine their dmft/DMFT and dmfs/DMFS. Children or their parents responded to questionnaire on number teaspoons of sugar (TS) used per cup of tea, number of cups of tea consumed daily, using fluoride or non-fluoride toothpaste (TP), frequency of toothbrushing, using fluoride tablets or not (ft).

In-vitro detection of artificial caries on vertical dental cavity walls using infrared photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence.

The main objective of the study was to investigate the ability of frequency-domain photothermal radiometry (PTR) and modulated luminescence (LUM) to detect secondary caries lesions on the walls of restorations (wall lesions). Changes in experimental PTR-LUM signals due to sequential demineralization on entire vertical walls of sectioned tooth samples were investigated. In addition, transverse micro-radiography (TMR) analysis (used as a gold standard) was conducted to measure the degree of demineralization that occurred in each sample.

In vitro detection and quantification of enamel and root caries using infrared photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence.

Artificially created demineralized and remineralized carious lesions on the root and enamel of human teeth were examined by photothermal radiometry (PTR) and modulated luminescence (LUM). Fourteen extracted human teeth were used and a lesion was created on a 1 mmx4 mm rectangular window, spanning root to enamel, using a lactic acid-based acidified gel to demineralize the tooth surface. The lesion was then exposed to a remineralization solution.

Detection of interproximal demineralized lesions on human teeth in vitro using frequency-domain infrared photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence.

Frequency-domain photothermal radiometry (FD-PTR or PTR) is used to detect mechanical holes and demineralized enamel in the interproximal contact area of extracted human teeth. Thirty-four teeth are used in a series of experiments. Preliminary tests to detect mechanical holes created by dental burs and 37% phosphoric acid etching for 20 s on the interproximal contact points show distinct differences in the signal.

Nonintrusive, noncontacting frequency-domain photothermal radiometry and luminescence depth profilometry of carious and artificial subsurface lesions in human teeth.

Nonintrusive, noncontacting frequency-domain photothermal radiometry (FD-PTR or PTR) and frequency-domain luminescence (FD-LUM or LUM) have been used with 659-nm and 830-nm laser sources to detect artificial and natural subsurface defects in human teeth. The major findings of this study are (1) PTR is sensitive to very deep (>5 mm) defects at low modulation frequencies (5 Hz). Both PTR and LUM amplitudes exhibit a peak at tooth thicknesses of ca.

Quantitative dental measurements by use of simultaneous frequency-domain laser infrared photothermal radiometry and luminescence.

Modulated (frequency-domain) infrared photothermal radiometry (PTR) is used as a dynamic quantitative dental inspection tool complementary to modulated luminescence (LM) to quantify sound enamel or dentin. A dynamic high-spatial-resolution experimental imaging setup, which can provide simultaneous measurements of laser-induced modulated PTR and LM signals from defects in teeth, has been developed. Following optical absorption of laser photons, the experimental setup can monitor simultaneously and independently the nonradiative (optical-to-thermal) energy conversion by infrared PTR and the radiative deexcitation by LM emission.