Postmemory.

The urgency of the problem of how to learn from the relatively recent past in order not to repeat its devastating effects, a problem that revolves around the ethics of memory and history, has combined with an awareness that later generations of victims and perpetrators-the "post" generations-may find themselves inhibited in relation to moving forwards because they are not truly "post" at all. It is as if they are haunted by the experiences of their predecessors, which is passed on in some way through stories and selective silences, as well as through the older generation's ways of handling themselves and the personal and cultural representations of their situation. This article presents a psychoanalytic reading of the postmemory literature, drawing on second generation Holocaust literature and in particular rendering the distinction between postmemory as a mode of traumatic identification and postmemorial work as a form of working through.

Jung and the Nazis: some implications for psychoanalysis.

The involvement of Jung with German psychotherapy in the 1930s revealed a strong tendency to collaborate with the Nazis, even though his behaviour was more contradictory than has often been acknowledged. In part this was due to anti-Semitic sentiments; some of it was fueled by the apparent opportunity to make Jungian psychology dominant over its "Jewish" Freudian rival; and in part Jung's admiration for the energy of the Nazi movement seems to have been genuine. This paper traces some of the elements in Jung's activities of that period in order to highlight the mixture of pragmatic and ideological investments that also applied to many other psychotherapists, and to some German psychoanalysts at the time.

Psychoanalysis, Nazism and 'Jewish science'.

In this paper the author offers a partial examination of the troubled history of psychoanalysis in Germany during the Nazi period. Of particular interest is the impact on psychoanalysis of its 'Jewish origins'--something denigrated by the Nazis but reclaimed by more recent Jewish and other scholars. The author traces the rapid decline of the pre-Nazi psychoanalytic institutions under the sway of a policy of appeasement and collaboration, paying particular attention to the continuation of some forms of psychoanalytic practice within the 'Göring Institute'.

Taking a stand: using psychoanalysis to explore the positioning of subjects in discourse.

This paper is concerned with thinking through the cultural construction of personal identities whilst avoiding the classical social-individual division. Our starting point is the notion that there is no such thing as 'the individual', standing outside the social; however, there is an arena of personal subjectivity, even though this does not exist other than as already inscribed in the sociocultural domain. Our argument is that there are psychoanalytic concepts which can be helpful in exploring this 'inscription' and thus in explaining the trajectory of individual subjects; that is, their specific positioning in discourse.