Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts.

The cratonic crust contains abundant mineral deposits of metals such as gold, copper and rare earths and is underlain by a thick mantle lithosphere rich in the volatiles carbon, sulfur and water. Although volatiles are known to be key components in metallogenesis, how and where they are distributed in the cratonic lithosphere mantle and their role in the initial enrichment of metals have not been sufficiently explored. Here we compile sulfur and copper contents of global cratonic peridotites, identifying sulfide-rich and copper-rich continental roots at depths of 160-190 km at cratonic margins.

Cross-linked chitosan as biomacromolecular adsorbents for adsorption of precious metal-chloride complexes from aqueous media.

Precious metal recovery from secondary sources has received significant attention due to the reduced availability of precious metals from conventional sources. Herein, chitosan (CHT) was modified via cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (glu) to yield CHT-glu adsorbents with improved physicochemical and adsorption properties with precious metal ions (Au(III) and Pd(II)). CHT-glu adsorbents were prepared at variable glu ratios and characterized via complementary spectral (IR, C solids NMR, XPS) and thermogravimetry methods.

Comprehensive Codified Algorithms to Identify the Underestimated Burden of Hidradenitis Suppurativa in the United States.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, inflammatory skin disease associated with a high disease burden and long diagnostic delay. Prevalence estimates of HS vary widely in the literature owing to differing estimation methodologies. This study aimed to apply stepwise algorithms to estimate the prevalence of possible/diagnosed cases of HS in the US.

The effects of local variations in conditions on carbon storage and release in the continental mantle.

Recent advances indicate that the amount of carbon released by gradual degassing from the mantle needs to be revised upwards, whereas the carbon supplied by plumes may have been overestimated in the past. Variations in rock types and oxidation state may be very local and exert strong influences on carbon storage and release mechanisms. Deep subduction may be prevented by diapirism in thick sedimentary packages, whereas carbonates in thinner sequences may be subducted.

Copper isotopes track the Neoproterozoic oxidation of cratonic mantle roots.

The oxygen fugacity (fO) of the lower cratonic lithosphere influences diamond formation, melting mechanisms, and lithospheric evolution, but its redox evolution over time is unclear. We apply Cu isotopes (δCu) of ~ 1.4 Ga lamproites and < 0.

Reducing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women with MV140 Impacts Personal Burden of Disease: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Placebo-controlled Efficacy Study.

Background: Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) remains a major health burden for women. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT; NCT02543827) reported that female patients with rUTI receiving a sublingual vaccine, MV140, had a reduction in rUTI and increase in UTI-free rate compared with placebo.

Objective: To determine the impact of MV140 on the personal burden of disease in women with rUTI using secondary endpoint data from the pivotal RCT evaluating MV140.

Incipient carbonate melting drives metal and sulfur mobilization in the mantle.

We present results from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments that generate incipient carbonate melts at mantle conditions (~90 kilometers depth and temperatures between 750° and 1050°C). We show that these primitive carbonate melts can sequester sulfur in its oxidized form of sulfate, as well as base and precious metals from mantle lithologies of peridotite and pyroxenite. It is proposed that these carbonate sulfur-rich melts may be more widespread than previously thought and that they may play a first-order role in the metallogenic enhancement of localized lithospheric domains.

Can an educational video improve the adequacy of bowel preparation for patients undergoing their first colonoscopy? Results of the EBOPS RCT.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational video on the quality of bowel preparation of patients from a UK population attending for their first colonoscopy. A prospective, endoscopist-blinded trial with 1:1 allocation was performed. Patients referred for their first colonoscopy were recruited between February 2019 and December 2019.

Carbonate-rich crust subduction drives the deep carbon and chlorine cycles.

The flux balances of carbon and chlorine between subduction into the deep mantle and volcanic emissions into the atmosphere are crucial for the habitability of our planet. However, pervasive loss of fluids from subducting slabs has been thought to cut off the delivery of both carbon and chlorine to the deep mantle owing to their high mobility under hydrous conditions. Our new high-pressure experiments show that most carbonates (>75 wt%) in carbonate-rich crustal rocks-one of the main subducting carbon reservoirs-survive devolatilization and hydrous melting in cold and warm subduction zones, indicating that their subduction has driven the deep carbon cycle since the Mesoproterozoic.

Volcanic phosphorus supply boosted Mesozoic terrestrial biotas in northern China.

The Mesozoic terrestrial Jehol Biota of northern China exceeds the biomass and biodiversity of contemporaneous Lagerstätten. From 135 to 120 Ma, biotic radiation may have responded to the peak destruction of the North China Craton. However, the direct mechanistic link between geological and biological evolution is unclear.

Rapid quench piston cylinder apparatus: An improved design for the recovery of volatile-rich geological glasses from experiments at 0.5-2.5 GPa.

The accurate and precise determination of the compositions of silicate glasses formed from melts containing volatile components H2O and CO2 recovered from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments is essential to our understanding of geodynamic processes taking place within the planet. Silicate melts are often difficult to analyze chemically because the formation of quench crystals and overgrowths on silicate phases is rapid and widespread upon quenching of experiments, preventing the formation of glasses in low-SiO2 and volatile-rich compositions. Here, we present experiments conducted in a novel rapid quench piston cylinder apparatus on a series of partially molten low-silica alkaline rock compositions (lamproite, basanite, and calk-alkaline basalt) with a range of water contents between 3.

Epigenetic-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression for Biological Control and Cancer: Fidelity of Mechanisms Governing the Cell Cycle.

The cell cycle is governed by stringent epigenetic mechanisms that, in response to intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory cues, support fidelity of DNA replication and cell division. We will focus on (1) the complex and interdependent processes that are obligatory for control of proliferation and compromised in cancer, (2) epigenetic and topological domains that are associated with distinct phases of the cell cycle that may be altered in cancer initiation and progression, and (3) the requirement for mitotic bookmarking to maintain intranuclear localization of transcriptional regulatory machinery to reinforce cell identity throughout the cell cycle to prevent malignant transformation.

Epigenetic-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression for Biological Control and Cancer: Cell and Tissue Structure, Function, and Phenotype.

Epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms play a central role in the biological control of cell and tissue structure, function, and phenotype. Identification of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer provides mechanistic into tumor initiation and progression and may prove valuable for a variety of clinical applications. We present an overview of epigenetically driven mechanisms that are obligatory for physiological regulation and parameters of epigenetic control that are modified in tumor cells.

Sublingual MV140 for Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), which consist of three or more episodes in 1 year or two or more infections in 6 months, affect 5% to 10% of women. MV140, a sublingual preparation of whole-cell inactivated bacteria, has shown clinical benefit in observational studies. This trial examined treatment with MV140 to prevent recurrent UTI.

An Overview of Modified Chitosan Adsorbents for the Removal of Precious Metals Species from Aqueous Media.

This mini-review provides coverage of chitosan-based adsorbents and their modified forms as sustainable solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials for precious metal ions, such as gold species, and their complexes in aqueous media. Modified forms of chitosan-based adsorbents range from surface-functionalized systems to biomaterial composites that contain inorganic or other nanomaterial components. An overview of the SPE conditions such as pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage was carried out to outline how these factors affect the efficiency of the sorption process, with an emphasis on gold species.

The largest negative carbon isotope excursions in Neoproterozoic carbonates caused by recycled carbonatite volcanic ash.

The late Ediacaran Shuram Excursion (SE) records the most prominent negative δC excursions (δC = -12‰) during Earth's history. It has been hypothesized to have resulted from oxidation of dissolved organic matter, diagenetic or authigenic precipitates. However, the origin of the SE remains enigmatic; current models face challenges regarding the significant amount of atmospheric oxygen needed to balance such extensive oxidation and sustained inputs of light carbon with extremely negative C isotope compositions.

Long-term clinical outcomes of tisagenlecleucel in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas (JULIET): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.

Background: In the primary analysis of the pivotal JULIET trial of tisagenlecleucel, an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, the best overall response rate was 52% and the complete response rate was 40% in 93 evaluable adult patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas. We aimed to do a long-term follow-up analysis of the clinical outcomes and correlative analyses of activity and safety in the full adult cohort.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial (JULIET) done at 27 treatment sites in ten countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, and the USA), adult patients (≥18 years) with histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas who were ineligible for, did not consent to, or had disease progression after autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 at screening, were enrolled.

Tisagenlecleucel immunogenicity in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Tisagenlecleucel is indicated for pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and adult patients with r/r diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The tisagenlecleucel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) contains a murine single-chain variable fragment domain; we examined the effects of humoral and cellular immune responses to tisagenlecleucel on clinical outcomes using 2 validated assays. Data were pooled from the ELIANA (registered at www.

Massive carbon storage in convergent margins initiated by subduction of limestone.

Remobilization of sedimentary carbonate in subduction zones modulates arc volcanism emissions and thus Earth's climate over geological timescales. Although limestones (or chalk) are thought to be the major carbon reservoir subducted to subarc depths, their fate is still unclear. Here we present high-pressure reaction experiments between impure limestone (7.

Origin of potassic postcollisional volcanic rocks in young, shallow, blueschist-rich lithosphere.

Potassium-rich volcanism occurring throughout the Alpine-Himalayan belt from Spain to Tibet is characterized by unusually high Th/La ratios, for which several hypotheses have brought no convincing solution. Here, we combine geochemical datasets from potassic postcollisional volcanic rocks and lawsonite blueschists to explain the high Th/La. Source regions of the volcanic melts consist of imbricated packages of blueschist facies mélanges and depleted peridotites, constituting a new mantle lithosphere formed only 20 to 50 million years earlier during the accretionary convergence of small continental blocks and oceans.

Bushveld superplume drove Proterozoic magmatism and metallogenesis in Australia.

Large-scale mantle convective processes are commonly reflected in the emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). These are high-volume, short-duration magmatic events consisting mainly of extensive flood basalts and their associated plumbing systems. One of the most voluminous LIPs in the geological record is the ~ 2.

Robust Survival-Based RNA Interference of Gene Families Using in Tandem Silencing of Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase.

RNA interference (RNAi) enables flexible and dynamic interrogation of entire gene families or essential genes without the need for exogenous proteins, unlike CRISPR-Cas technology. Unfortunately, isolation of plants undergoing potent gene silencing requires laborious design, visual screening, and physical separation for downstream characterization. Here, we developed an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT)-based RNAi technology (APTi) in that improves upon the multiple limitations of current RNAi techniques.

Experiences of using vedolizumab in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in the East Midlands UK - a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Further real-world data is needed to inform clinical practice. The primary outcome was to assess corticosteroid-free and clinical remission after vedolizumab initiation.