Optimizing timing of adolescent vaccines: Impact of initiating HPV vaccination before Tdap or meningococcal vaccination on timely completion of the HPV vaccine series.

To explore the impact on timely series completion of initiating the HPV vaccine series prior to other vaccines in the adolescent platform (Tdap or meningococcal vacccines), we created a cohort of children aged 9 in 2015 who were continuously enrolled through the age of 13 (2019) from a national administrative database of employee-sponsored insurance in the United States (MarketScan). Logistic regressions were used to predict the odds of HPV vaccine series completion among those who started the series prior to, concurrent with, or after receiving Tdap or meningococcal vaccination. The cohort included 100,857 eligible children.

Underscreening, overscreening, and guideline-adherent cervical cancer screening in a national cohort.

Objective: To explore rates of under- and overscreening for cervical cancer among a national cohort.

Methods: The MarketScan database, a national administrative database of employee-sponsored insurance, was queried for elements relevant to cervical cancer screening among women aged 21-65 with 6 years of continuous enrollment (2015-2019). Average-risk women were defined as those without high-risk medical conditions or abnormal screening histories, and without evidence of hysterectomy with removal of the cervix for benign indications.

A Translational Model to Improve Early Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancers.

Neural network analyses of circulating miRNAs have shown potential as non-invasive screening tests for ovarian cancer. A clinically useful test would detect occult disease when complete cytoreduction is most feasible. Here we used murine xenografts to sensitize a neural network model to detect low volume disease and applied the model to sera from 75 early-stage ovarian cancer cases age-matched to 200 benign adnexal masses or healthy controls.

Racial disparities in non-recommendation of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II-III ovarian cancer.

Objectives: To identify patient factors associated with not receiving a recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy after primary surgery for ovarian cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) data from 2004 to 2015 to identify patients with stage II-III ovarian cancer who underwent primary surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated factors associated with notation in the NCDB that "chemotherapy was not recommended/administered because it was contraindicated due to patient risk factors (i.

Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Abnormal ion channel expression distinguishes several types of carcinoma. Here, we explore the relationship between voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We find that EOC cell lines express most VGSC, but at lower levels than fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (the cells of origin for most EOC) or control fibroblasts.

Liquid biopsy of HPV DNA in cervical cancer.

Background: A blood test to serve as a tumor marker for cervical cancer would be useful to clinicians to guide treatment and provide an early signal for recurrence. The development of droplet digital PCR has enabled the detection of HPV DNA in patient serum, providing a potential marker for cervical cancer.

Objectives: To report on a blood-based test for HPV-specific E7 and L1 genes, which may serve as a tumor marker to guide treatment and detect early recurrence in cervical cancer.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes after bowel surgery and ostomy formation at the time of debulking surgery for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Objective: There are limited data on clinical outcomes of patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer who require ostomy formation at the time of either primary cytoreductive surgery or interval cytoreductive surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate patients undergoing bowel surgery and ostomy formation after primary or interval surgery.

Methods: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery between January 2010 and December 2014 were identified retrospectively.

Gender and the Balance of Parenting and Professional Life among Gynecology Subspecialists.

Study Objective: To compare the parenting and career patterns of female and male gynecology subspecialists.

Design: Cross-sectional survey study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3).

Setting: Survey administered electronically in February 2015 to physician members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and the American Urogynecologic Society.

While women await surgery for type I endometrial cancer, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate reduces tumor glandular cellularity.

Background: Multiple population-level studies have demonstrated an adverse effect of long wait times to surgery on survival for women with endometrial cancer. Other retrospective and nonrandomized prospective studies have shown that preoperative administration of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate decreases tumor glandular cellularity, which may be a surrogate marker for clinically meaningful tumor response.

Objective: We sought to determine whether preoperative injection with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate decreases tumor glandular cellularity when compared to placebo injection in women awaiting hysterectomy for endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia or type I endometrial cancer, and to determine whether depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection affects quality of life while waiting for surgery.

Topical 5-Fluorouracil for Women With High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Objective: To examine success rates of 5-fluorouracil, excision, and laser ablation as the initial and secondary management strategies for women with high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of women referred to a single center for management of biopsy-proven, high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia between April 1994 and May 2016. Data including demographic characteristics, human papillomavirus risk factors, antecedent Pap cytology, concurrent or prior cervical and vulvar dysplasia, and treatment outcome including follow-up Pap cytology were recorded.

Diagnostic potential for a serum miRNA neural network for detection of ovarian cancer.

Recent studies posit a role for non-coding RNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Combining small RNA sequencing from 179 human serum samples with a neural network analysis produced a miRNA algorithm for diagnosis of EOC (AUC 0.90; 95% CI: 0.

Liquid biopsy of PIK3CA mutations in cervical cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide. The prognosis for women with advanced-stage or recurrent cervical cancer remains poor and response to treatment is variable. Standardized management protocols leave little room for individualization.

Four Residents' Narratives on Abortion Training: A Residency Climate of Reflection, Support, and Mutual Respect.

The decision on the part of obstetrics and gynecology residents to opt in or out of abortion training is, for many, a complex one. Although the public debate surrounding abortion can be filled with polarizing rhetoric, residents often discover that the boundaries between pro-choice and pro-life beliefs are not so neatly divided. We present narratives from four residents, training at a 32-resident program in the Northeast, who have a range of views surrounding abortion.

Predictive factors for the presence of malignant transformation of pelvic endometriosis.

Objectives: To determine predictive factors for the presence of malignant transformation in ovarian endometriotic cysts.

Study Design: This was an IRB approved, case control study analyzing patient data from 2004 to 2013. Pathology database records were searched to identify patients with benign endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma arising in the background of endometriosis.

Vulvar cancer and sentinel lymph nodes: a new standard of care?

The treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer has remained surgical over time. Fortunately, less invasive surgical options have emerged, decreasing the significant morbidity associated with treatment. In the past decade, sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection alone in select patients with vulvar cancer has been shown to be safe, feasible and has decreased surgical morbidity.