End Vertebra Versus Apical Vertebra: Where Are We More Likely to Misplace in Spine Deformity?

Background Data: Pedicle screws placement remains technically demanding. The thoracic curve apex is considerably difficult due to its unique morphology and severe rotation. In comparison the upper end vertebrae have smaller pedicles and limited soft tissue exposure.

Academic Metrics Do Not Explain the Underrepresentation of Women in Orthopaedic Training Programs.

Background: Among medical specialties, orthopaedic surgery persistently has one of the lowest representations of women in residency programs. This study examined whether differences exist in the academic metrics of the orthopaedic residency applicants and enrolled candidates by sex, which may be contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women. Differences in enrollment rate in orthopaedic residency programs also were analyzed.

Underrepresented Minority Applicants Are Competitive for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs, but Enter Residency at Lower Rates.

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgery residency programs have the lowest representation of ethnic/racial minorities compared with other specialties. This study compared orthopaedic residency enrollment rates and academic metrics of applicants and matriculated residents by race/ethnicity.

Methods: Data on applicants from US medical schools for orthopaedic residency and residents were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 and compared between race/ethnic groups (White, Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Other).

Cadaveric Study of the Safety and Device Functionality of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods After Exposure to Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exposure.

Summary Of Background Data: MCGRs are new and promising devices for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

Triggered EMG Potentials in Determining Neuroanatomical Safe Zone for Transpsoas Lumbar Approach: Are They Reliable?

Study Design: In vivo analysis in swine model.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of triggered EMG (t-EMG) and its reliability in lateral lumbar interbody fusions surgery. We also aim to document changes in psoas muscle produced during the approach.

Are We Underestimating the Significance of Pedicle Screw Misplacement?

Study Design: A retrospective review of charts, x-rays (XRs) and computed tomography (CT) scans was performed.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of pedicle screw placement using a novel classification system to determine potentially significant screw misplacement.

Summary Of Background Data: The accuracy rate of pedicle screw (PS) placement varies from 85% to 95% in the literature.

CT-Based Anatomical Evaluation of Pre-Vertebral Structures With Respect to Vertebral Body Using a Clock-Face Analogy.

Study Design: Retrospective Chart and CT Scan Review.

Objective: To define the relationship of the pre-vertebral structures for each level to assist in easier intraoperative visualization.

Summary Of Background Data: Vascular and visceral injuries from pedicle screws are well-known.