SLO-Microperimetry in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration During Anti-VEGF Therapy.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the morphological and functional outcome of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) during antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy with bevacizumab using SLO microperimetry (SLO-MP) with eye tracking.

Patients And Methods: First, reproducibility was tested over the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 21 eyes of 19 patients with wet AMD. Second, 21 eyes of 19 patients with active CNV were studied longitudinally during bevacizumab therapy.

Focal navigated laser photocoagulation in retinovascular disease: clinical results in initial case series.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical results after the use of a novel integrated imaging and laser device to perform focal retinal navigated laser photocoagulation in perifoveal abnormalities and retinovascular disease.

Methods: Interventional case series of 25 consecutive eyes with perifoveal and retinovascular diseases treated with a navigated laser photocoagulator Navilas (OD-OS, Berlin, Germany). We treated eyes with perifoveal telangiectasia (n = 3), central serous chorioretinopathy (n = 2), and diabetic macular edema with focal leakage (n = 20).

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of postoperative scleral buckles.

Purpose: To describe the appearance on spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the peripheral retina and overlying vitreous after scleral buckling surgery.

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients who underwent scleral buckle surgery and had subsequent scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images over the area of buckled retina. Twelve eyes from 11 patients were identified and show a variety of retinal anatomies, vitreous configurations, and clinical applications.

Clinical evaluation and treatment accuracy in diabetic macular edema using navigated laser photocoagulator NAVILAS.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical use and accuracy of a new retinal navigating laser technology that integrates a scanning slit fundus camera system with fluorescein angiography (FA), color, red-free, and infrared imaging capabilities with a computer steerable therapeutic 532-nm laser.

Design: Interventional case series.

Participants: Eighty-six eyes of 61 patients with diabetic retinopathy and macular edema treated by NAVILAS.

Dynamics of the macular hole-silicone oil tamponade interface with patient positioning as imaged by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography the relationship between the retina and overlying silicone oil tamponade after macular hole surgery and to evaluate how this relationship changes with patient positioning.

Methods: We studied a retrospective consecutive case series of 10 eyes from 9 patients who underwent macular hole surgery with silicone oil tamponade and subsequent spectral domain-optical coherence tomography scans. Four of the included eyes were also imaged with patients in face-down posture to determine whether the silicone-retina apposition changes with prone positioning.

Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in healed cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in imaging retina and vitreoretinal relationship in healed cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.

Methods: Patients with a history of confirmed CMV retinitis and a healed CMV scar on clinical examination underwent spectral domain-optical coherence tomography examinations using a Spectralis Heidelberg retinal angiograph/optical coherence tomography instrument (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Horizontal and vertical cross-sectional B-scans 6 mm x 6 mm passing through the center and margins of healed CMV scars and adjacent retina were obtained.

The association between percent disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment junction and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the integrity of the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) in patients with diabetic macular edema and to correlate the relationship between the integrity of the IS/OS junction and visual acuity.

Design: Retrospective, comparative, consecutive case series.

Methods: Sixty-two eyes from 38 patients with diabetic macular edema underwent SD OCT imaging.

Correlation between morphologic features on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and angiographic leakage patterns in macular edema.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the morphologic patterns of angiographic macular edema using simultaneous colocalization of fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images in diabetes, epiretinal membrane, uveitic and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, and vein occlusion.

Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive patients (107 eyes) with macular edema from 5 different etiologies were imaged by simultaneous scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/OCT to study the morphologic patterns of edema on SD-OCT and then correlated/colocalized with the fluorescein angiographic patterns of leakage. Statistical analysis was done to analyze the differences in the morphologic OCT pattern by different diseases.

Viral retinitis after intravitreal triamcinolone injection in patients with predisposing medical comorbidities.

Purpose: To review the cases of viral retinitis after intravitreal steroid administration at a single center, to estimate the incidence, and to propose risk factors for its occurrence.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: Seven hundred thirty-six intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) injections were administered in the clinic and operating room by 3 retina specialists at a single academic medical center between September 2002 and November 2008.

Observations by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography combined with simultaneous scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: imaging of the vitreous.

Purpose: To determine the ability to detect normal vitreous structure, evolving posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), and related vitreoretinal changes with combined spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO).

Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Methods: Simultaneous SD-OCT and SLO imaging instruments (SD-OCT/SLO) were used to image both eyes of patients with symptoms of PVD.

Disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment layer on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography is a predictor of poor visual acuity in patients with epiretinal membranes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography-determined integrity of the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction on visual acuity in patients with epiretinal membranes (ERMs).

Methods: This is a retrospective consecutive case series of 54 eyes from 48 patients with primary ERMs who underwent spectral domain-optical coherence tomography scans. Regression analysis was used to calculate the relative contribution of several variables, including photoreceptor IS/OS disruption, grade of IS/OS disruption, macular thickness, and ERM grade on fundus imaging to visual acuity.

Correlation between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence at the margins of geographic atrophy.

Purpose: To study the appearance of margins of geographic atrophy in high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and to correlate those changes with fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging.

Design: Retrospective, observational case study.

Methods: Patients with geographic atrophy secondary to dry age-related macular degeneration were assessed by means of spectral-domain OCT (Spectralis Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph/OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany; or OTI Inc, Toronto, Canada) as well as autofluorescence imaging (Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph or Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering).

Calcareous degeneration of host-donor interface after descemet membrane stripping with automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report a case of host-donor interface calcification after Descemet membrane stripping with automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods: Review of the patient's clinical records and histopathologic examination of the donor corneal lamella from repeat DSAEK performed subsequent to the original DSAEK.

Results: Review of the clinical record of the patient revealed an ocular history of Fuchs dystrophy and pseudophakic bullous keratoplasty that was treated with DSAEK.

Preliminary ocular histopathological observations on heterozygous NEMO-deficient mice.

The majority of patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) have a mutation in the nuclear factor-kappa-beta essential modulator (NEMO) gene, and mice with a targeted deletion of NEMO exhibit skin pathology remarkably similar to the human disease. This study characterizes the retinal vascular abnormalities of NEMO-deficient mice, and compares this phenotype to known features of human IP. Nineteen heterozygous NEMO-deficient female mice, ages ranging from post-natal day 8 (P-8) through 6.

A clinicopathologic series of primary graft failure after Descemet's stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To characterize the clinical and histologic features of primary graft failure after Descemet's stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Participants: Sixteen cases of DSAEK graft failure from 15 patients, all with detailed histologic examination of failed graft tissue.

Semaphorin 5A is a bifunctional axon guidance cue regulated by heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.

The response of neuronal growth cones to axon guidance cues depends on the developmental context in which these cues are encountered. We show here that the transmembrane protein semaphorin 5A (Sema5A) is a bifunctional guidance cue exerting both attractive and inhibitory effects on developing axons of the fasciculus retroflexus, a diencephalon fiber tract associated with limbic function. The thrombospondin repeats of Sema5A physically interact with the glycosaminoglycan portion of both chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs).

An oligodendrocyte lineage-specific semaphorin, Sema5A, inhibits axon growth by retinal ganglion cells.

In the mammalian CNS, glial cells repel axons during development and inhibit axon regeneration after injury. It is unknown whether the same repulsive axon guidance molecules expressed by glia and their precursors during development also play a role in inhibiting regeneration in the injured CNS. Here we investigate whether optic nerve glial cells express semaphorin family members and, if so, whether these semaphorins inhibit axon growth by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

L1/Laminin modulation of growth cone response to EphB triggers growth pauses and regulates the microtubule destabilizing protein SCG10.

During development, EphB proteins serve as axon guidance molecules for retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding toward the optic nerve head and in midbrain targets. To better understand the mechanisms by which EphB proteins influence retinal growth cone behavior, we investigated how axon responses to EphB were modulated by laminin and L1, two guidance molecules that retinal axons encounter during in vivo pathfinding. Unlike EphB stimulation in the presence of laminin, which triggers typical growth cone collapse, growth cones co-stimulated by L1 did not respond to EphB.

Invariant Sema5A inhibition serves an ensheathing function during optic nerve development.

Retinal axon pathfinding from the retina into the optic nerve involves the growth promoting axon guidance molecules L1, laminin and netrin 1, each of which governs axon behavior at specific regions along the retinal pathway. In identifying additional molecules regulating this process during embryonic mouse development, we found that transmembrane Semaphorin5A mRNA and protein was specifically expressed in neuroepithelial cells surrounding retinal axons at the optic disc and along the optic nerve. Given that growth cone responses to a specific guidance molecule can be altered by co-exposure to a second guidance cue, we examined whether retinal axon responses to Sema5A were modulated by other guidance signals axons encountered along the retinal pathway.