Areca nut-induced metabolic reprogramming and M2 differentiation promote OPMD malignant transformation.

Background: Betel quid and its major ingredient, areca nut, are recognized by IARC as major risk factors in oral cancer development. Areca nut extract (ANE) exposure has been linked to OPMD progression and malignant transformation to OSCC. However, the detailed mechanism through which ANE acts on other cell types in the oral microenvironment to promote oral carcinogenesis remains elusive.

IL-1RA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK/SOX2 pathway.

Background: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), a member of the IL-1 family, has diverse roles in cancer development. However, the role of IL-1RA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in particular the underlying mechanisms, remains to be elucidated.

Methods: Tumor tissues from OSCC patients were assessed for protein expression by immunohistochemistry.

Fumarate hydratase inhibits non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via inactivation of AMPK and upregulation of DAB2.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. As it is often first diagnosed only when cancer metastasis has already occurred, the development of effective biomarkers for the risk prediction of cancer metastasis, followed by stringent monitoring and the early treatment of high-risk patients, is essential for improving patient survival. Cancer cells exhibit alterations in metabolic pathways that enable them to maintain rapid growth and proliferation, which are quite different from the metabolic pathways of normal cells.

CD44 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis through AKT-Mediated Downregulation of Nuclear FOXA2.

The primary cause of breast cancer mortality is the metastatic invasion of cancerous stem cells (CSC). Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a well-known CSC marker in various cancers, as well as a key role player in metastasis and relapse of breast cancer. CD44 is a cell-membrane embedded protein, and it interacts with different proteins to regulate cancer cell behavior.

ADSCs stimulated by resistin promote breast cancer cell malignancy via CXCL5 in a breast cancer coculture model.

The tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles in breast cancer treatment owing to the presence of heterogeneous stromal cells, such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), that may interact with breast cancer cells and promote cancer development. Resistin is an adipocytokine associated with adverse breast cancer progression; however, its underlying mechanisms in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment remain largely unidentified. Here, we utilized a transwell co-culture model containing patient-derived ADSCs and breast cancer cell lines to investigate their potential interaction, and observed that breast cancer cells co-cultured with resistin-treated ADSCs (R-ADSCs) showed enhanced cancer cell growth and metastatic ability.

Polypharmacy Is Significantly and Positively Associated with the Frailty Status Assessed Using the 5-Item FRAIL Scale, Cardiovascular Health Phenotypic Classification of Frailty Index, and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Scale.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between frailty and polypharmacy using three different frailty screening tools. This was a cross-sectional study of people aged ≥65 years. Participants were included and interviewed using questionnaires.

Reduced tissue and serum resistin expression as a clinical marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying esophageal cancer progression and the development of clinical tools for effective diagnosis remain unclear. Resistin, which was originally identified as an adipose tissue-secretory factor, has been associated with obesity-related diseases, including certain types of cancer.

CD44 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Metastasis through ERK-ZEB1 Signaling.

Lung cancer is a malignancy with high mortality worldwide, and metastasis occurs at a high frequency even when cancer spread is not detectable at primary operation. Cancer stemness plays an important role in malignant cancer behavior, treatment resistance, and cancer metastasis. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathogenesis behind cancer-stemness-mediated metastasis and developing effective approaches to prevent metastasis are key issues for improving cancer treatment.

MRE11 promotes oral cancer progression through RUNX2/CXCR4/AKT/FOXA2 signaling in a nuclease-independent manner.

MRE11, the nuclease component of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 DNA repair complex which is essential for repair of DNA double-strand-breaks in normal cells, has recently garnered attention as a critical factor in solid tumor development. Herein we report the crucial role of MRE11 in oral cancer progression in a nuclease-independent manner and delineate its key downstream effectors including CXCR4. MRE11 expression in oral cancer samples was positively associated with tumor size, cancer stage and lymph node metastasis, and was predictive of poorer patient survival and radiotherapy resistance.

Visfatin Enhances Breast Cancer Progression through CXCL1 Induction in Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

Visfatin, an adipocytokine highly expressed in breast tumor tissues, is associated with breast cancer progression. Recent studies showed that adipocytokines mediate tumor development through adipocytokine tumor-stromal interactions in the tumor microenvironment. This study focused on the interaction between one key stromal constituent-tumor-associated macrophages-and visfatin.

Electrospun Resveratrol-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Cyclodextrin Nanofibers and Their Biomedical Applications.

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol compound which has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its pharmaceutical applications are limited by its poor water solubility. In this study, we used electrospinning technology to synthesize nanofibers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) loaded with resveratrol.

Orabase-Formulated Benzalkonium Chloride Effectively Suppressed Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder In Vitro and In Vivo.

Oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) is associated with an increased risk of progression to oral cancer. Patients with dysplastic changes of the precancerous lesions have a higher malignant transformation rate than those without dysplastic changes. Radiotherapy and surgery are the traditionally preferred choices for OPMD treatment.

EMI2 expression as a poor prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer.

Early mitotic inhibitor 2 (EMI2, gene symbol FBXO43), an APC/C inhibitor regulated by Plx1, is essential for cytostatic factor (CSF) activity. It belongs to subclass FBXO of the F-box proteins family. The aim of this study is to examine the clinicopathological significance of EMI2 in breast cancer.

DNA Repair Protein Rad51 Induces Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via a p38/Akt-Dependent Pathway.

Background: Rad51 is a protein which plays a vital role in DNA double-strand break repair and maintenance of telomeres. However, the underlying mechanism for its action in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-seven patients with ESCC were enrolled in this study.