Broad-spectrum resistance to fungal foliar diseases in wheat: recent efforts and achievements.

Wheat ( spp.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Several diseases affect wheat production and can cause 20-80% yield loss annually.

Emerging Trends in Wheat ( spp.) Breeding: Implications for the Future.

Wheat ( spp and, particularly, L.) is an essential cereal with increased human and animal nutritional demand. Therefore, there is a need to enhance wheat yield and genetic gain using modern breeding technologies alongside proven methods to achieve the necessary increases in productivity.

Effectiveness of and KASP Markers in Spring and Winter Wheat Populations for Marker-Assisted Selection to Improve Drought Tolerance.

Due to the advances in DNA markers, kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers could accelerate breeding programs and genetically improve drought tolerance. Two previously reported KASP markers, and , were investigated in this study for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) of drought tolerance. Two highly diverse spring and winter wheat populations were genotyped using these two KASP markers.

Screening Spring Wheat Genotypes for and Genes under Severe Drought Stress at the Germination Stage Using KASP Technology.

Drought stress is a major yield-limiting factor throughout the world in wheat ( L.), causing losses of up to 80% of the total yield. The identification of factors affecting drought stress tolerance in the seedling stage is especially important to increase adaptation and accelerate the grain yield potential.

Genetic Variation in Common Bunt Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat.

Common bunt (caused by and ) is a major wheat disease. It occurs frequently in the USA and Turkey and damages grain yield and quality. Seed treatment with fungicides is an effective method to control this disease.

Novel Single-Nucleotide Variants for Morpho-Physiological Traits Involved in Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Barley.

Barley ( L.) thrives in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; nevertheless, it suffers large grain yield losses due to drought stress. A panel of 426 lines of barley was evaluated in Egypt under deficit (DI) and full irrigation (FI) during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons.

Identification of Putative SNP Markers Associated with Resistance to Egyptian Loose Smut Race(s) in Spring Barley.

Loose smut (LS) disease is a serious problem that affects barley yield. Breeding of resistant cultivars and identifying new genes controlling LS has received very little attention. Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic basis of LS control in order to genetically improve LS resistance.

Combined GWAS and QTL mapping revealed candidate genes and SNP network controlling recovery and tolerance traits associated with drought tolerance in seedling winter wheat.

To date, very little research on drought tolerance has been conducted at the seedling stage in winter wheat. In this study, two types of traits, namely tolerance and recovery traits, associated with drought tolerance were scored in biparental mapping population (BPP) and association mapping population (A-set). The results of this study revealed no or weak significant correlation between the two types of traits.

Identification and Validation of High LD Hotspot Genomic Regions Harboring Stem Rust Resistant Genes on 1B, 2A (), and 7B Chromosomes in Wheat.

Stem rust caused by sp. i Eriks. is an important disease of common wheat globally.

Perspectives on Low Temperature Tolerance and Vernalization Sensitivity in Barley: Prospects for Facultative Growth Habit.

One option to achieving greater resiliency for barley production in the face of climate change is to explore the potential of winter and facultative growth habits: for both types, low temperature tolerance (LTT) and vernalization sensitivity are key traits. Sensitivity to short-day photoperiod is a desirable attribute for facultative types. In order to broaden our understanding of the genetics of these phenotypes, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identified candidate genes using a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) panel composed of 882 barley accessions that was genotyped with the Illumina 9K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip.

GWAS revealed effect of genotype × environment interactions for grain yield of Nebraska winter wheat.

Background: Improving grain yield in cereals especially in wheat is a main objective for plant breeders. One of the main constrains for improving this trait is the G × E interaction (GEI) which affects the performance of wheat genotypes in different environments. Selecting high yielding genotypes that can be used for a target set of environments is needed.

Selection signatures across seven decades of hard winter wheat breeding in the Great Plains of the United States.

Classical plant breeding has been instrumental in changing the genetic makeup of crop plants for better ecological adaptation and improved quality. This paper provides insights of the genomic changes effected in hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through decades of breeding and selection in the Great Plains of the United States.

Detailed Genetic Analysis for Identifying QTLs Associated with Drought Tolerance at Seed Germination and Seedling Stages in Barley.

Drought induces several challenges for plant development, growth, and production. These challenges become more severe, in particular, in arid and semiarid countries like Egypt. In terms of production, barley ranks fourth after wheat, maize, and rice.

Insights into the Genetic Architecture of Bran Friability and Water Retention Capacity, Two Important Traits for Whole Grain End-Use Quality in Winter Wheat.

Bran friability (particle size distribution after milling) and water retention capacity (WRC) impact wheat bran functionality in whole grain milling and baking applications. The goal of this study was to identify genomic regions and underlying genes that may be responsible for these traits. The Hard Winter Wheat Association Mapping Panel, which comprised 299 lines from breeding programs in the Great Plains region of the US, was used in a genome-wide association study.

Molecular genetic analysis of spring wheat core collection using genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium.

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) is an important crop globally which has a complex genome. To identify the parents with useful agronomic characteristics that could be used in the various breeding programs, it is very important to understand the genetic diversity among global wheat genotypes.

GWAS: Fast-forwarding gene identification and characterization in temperate Cereals: lessons from Barley - A review.

Understanding the genetic complexity of traits is an important objective of small grain temperate cereals yield and adaptation improvements. Bi-parental quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping is a powerful method to identify genetic regions that co-segregate in the trait of interest within the research population. However, recently, association or linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) became an approach for unraveling the molecular genetic basis underlying the natural phenotypic variation.

Determining the Efficacy of a Hybridizing Agent in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Hybrid wheat (Triticum spp.) has the potential to boost yields and enhance production under changing climates to feed the growing global population. Production of hybrid wheat seed relies on male sterility, the blocking of pollen production, to prevent self-pollination.

Principal variable selection to explain grain yield variation in winter wheat from features extracted from UAV imagery.

Background: Automated phenotyping technologies are continually advancing the breeding process. However, collecting various secondary traits throughout the growing season and processing massive amounts of data still take great efforts and time. Selecting a minimum number of secondary traits that have the maximum predictive power has the potential to reduce phenotyping efforts.

Marker-Trait Associations for Enhancing Agronomic Performance, Disease Resistance, and Grain Quality in Synthetic and Bread Wheat Accessions in Western Siberia.

Exploiting genetically diverse lines to identify genes for improving crop performance is needed to ensure global food security. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 46,268 SNP markers on a diverse panel of 143 hexaploid bread and synthetic wheat to identify potential genes/genomic regions controlling agronomic performance (yield and 26 yield-related traits), disease resistance, and grain quality traits. From phenotypic evaluation, we found large genetic variation among the 35 traits and recommended five lines having a high yield, better quality, and multiple disease resistance for direct use in a breeding program.

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of synthetic and bread wheat accessions in Western Siberia.

Recurrent selection and intercrossing between best of the best parents in each generation of breeding cycle resulted in a narrower genetic diversity in elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. Therefore, we investigated diverse source of 143 synthetic and bread wheat accessions for identifying potentially rich genetic resources for improving the genetic diversity in wheat.

Molecular marker dissection of stem rust resistance in Nebraska bread wheat germplasm.

Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is a major disease of wheat.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Multiple Biotic Stress Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat.

Genetic resistance against biotic stress is a major goal in many wheat breeding programs. However, modern wheat cultivars have a limited genetic variation for disease and pest resistance and there is always a possibility of the evolution of new diseases and pests to overcome previously identified resistance genes. A total of 125 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs; 2 = 6 = 42, AABBDD, L.