Vasopressin induced hyponatremia in infants <3 months of age in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objectives: Vasopressin is used for shock and acute pulmonary hypertension in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is associated with hyponatremia. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, severity, contributing risk factors associated with vasopressin-induced hyponatremia in neonates and infants <3 months of age in the NICU. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L) and severe hyponatremia (<125 mEq/L).

Risk factors for positive follow-up blood cultures in critically ill adults with Gram-negative bacteraemia.

Objectives: To evaluate the utility of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) for Gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI) in ICU patients and identify risk factors for repeat positive cultures.

Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of critically ill adults with Gram-negative BSI between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2020. Critically ill patients with one or more blood cultures positive for a Gram-negative organism were included.

Effect of Phytonadione on Correction of Coagulopathy in Pediatric Patients With Septic Shock.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate phytonadione in children with septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). The primary objective was to identify the number of patients with an international normalized ratio (INR), defined as ≤1.2, following phytonadione.

Delirium Assessment Treatment Strategies in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Pediatric Pharmacy Association Practice-Based Research Network Survey Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe overall screening, prevention, and treatments for pediatric delirium at various neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), cardiac intensive care units (CICUs), and pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from the Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) membership. The primary objective was to identify the number of respondents that had a defined delirium-based protocol. The secondary objectives included identification of delirium assessment tools used, first- and second-line delirium treatment options, and monitoring practices for antipsychotics for delirium management.

Variability in opioid conversion calculators in critically ill children transitioned from fentanyl to hydromorphone.

Purpose: Opioid conversion calculators (OCCs) are used to convert between opioids. The purpose of this study was to describe the variability in OCC results in critically ill children transitioned from fentanyl to hydromorphone infusions.

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study.

Comparison of dosing strategies in obese patients prescribed intravenous acyclovir and evaluation of rate of acute kidney injury.

Introduction: There is limited guidance on the most appropriate dosing strategy for intravenous (IV) acyclovir in obese patients. The manufacturer's labelling suggests using ideal body weight (IBW); however, previous pharmacokinetic studies of obese patients have shown more rapid systemic clearance and lower area under the curve and peak concentrations compared with patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m. Although pharmacokinetic data suggest that plasma concentrations of acyclovir are best predicted when using adjusted body weight (AdjBW) doses, there is concern about higher rates of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Sculpting a teaching and learning curriculum to better meet the career needs of postgraduate year 1 and 2 pharmacy residents.

Purpose: To describe implementation of the University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy (OUCOP) teaching and learning curriculum (TLC) for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) residents, including the required components, evaluation structure, residency graduate outcomes and perceptions captured by a survey following program completion, generalizability to other institutions, and opportunities for future directions.

Summary: As part of their residency training, pharmacy residents are required to develop and refine teaching, precepting, and presentation skills. To meet the required and elective competency areas, goals, and objectives on teaching, precepting, and presentation skills, many American Society of Health-System Pharmacists-accredited residency programs have utilized TLC programs.

Impact of a Pharmacist-Managed Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Service on Cost Savings and Clinical Outcomes at an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is managed by a variety of teams, but primarily through an infectious disease clinic. At our medical center, OPAT monitoring is performed telephonically by pharmacists through a collaborative practice agreement under the supervision of an infectious disease physician. The effect of telephonic monitoring of OPAT by pharmacists on patient outcomes is unknown.

Characterization of early versus late opioid iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in critically ill children transitioning from fentanyl -infusions to methadone.

Objective: Methadone is used to prevent opioid iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) in children, but the optimal dose and overlap time with an opioid infusion have not been elucidated. The purpose was to compare clinical manifestations among patients who developed opioid IWS within 24 hours (early) versus ≥24 hours (late) of fentanyl discontinuation when enteral methadone was initiated.

Design: A retrospective, descriptive study.

Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged Magnesium Sulfate Infusions in Children With Refractory Status Asthmaticus.

Objectives: There is a paucity of data on the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion in children with refractory status asthmaticus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion as an advanced therapy.

Methods: This is a single center retrospective study of children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with status asthmaticus requiring continuous albuterol.

Vasopressin-Induced Hyponatremia in Infants Following Cardiovascular Surgery.

Background: Vasopressin is increasingly used in infants following cardiac surgery. Hyponatremia is a noted adverse event, but incidence and risk factors remain undefined.

Objective: The primary objective was to identify the incidence of vasopressin-induced hyponatremia.

Evaluation of Ceftazidime Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Association With Cephalosporin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Background: Cefotaxime shortage in 2015 led to increased ceftazidime use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Objective: The purpose was to explore whether ceftazidime increases risk for development of resistant gram-negative organisms.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of NICU patients with cultures positive for , , species, or between January1, 2015 and August 31, 2020.

Incidence of Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Pediatric Post-Renal Transplant Patients Receiving Weight-Based vs Body Surface Area-Based Valganciclovir Chemoprophylaxis.

Objective: To determine the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and disease, identify potential risk factors, and assess the safety and efficacy of weight-based valganciclovir dosing in pediatric post-renal transplant patients.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included patients ≤21 years who received a kidney transplant between January 1, 2011, and November 1, 2019, with 3 to 24 months of follow-up data. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected to assess for potential risk factors.

Impact of Transitioning a Senior Seminar Capstone Course to an Intensive Hybrid Course.

To compare outcomes (grades, resources, and perceptions) from a weekly in-person seminar capstone course (pre-revision group) to an intensive hybrid course design that included a two-day, in-person conference (10- and 25-minute student presentations) and asynchronous seminar skills sessions (post-revision group). Students' scores on seminar presentation rubrics were compared before and after the course revision. Between the groups, we compared resources, such as number of faculty and hours of involvement, and student time away from advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).

Exploring Residency Program Directors, Preceptors, and Residents' Intentions to Participate in Multicenter Pediatric Pharmacy Resident Research Projects.

Objective: The purpose was to explore preceptors, residency program directors (RPDs), and residents' beliefs and intentions in participating in multicenter pediatric resident research projects (PRRPs).

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used the theory of planned behavior to explore beliefs, attitudes, and intentions toward participation in a multicenter PRRP. Two focus groups were formed: RPDs/preceptors and pharmacy residents.

A Pilot Evaluation of the Possible Association of Metronidazole With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates.

Objective: Metronidazole is recommended as a first-line treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. Metronidazole-associated neurotoxicity has been reported, but long-term neurodevelopmental effects in neonates have not been explored. The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship of cumulative metronidazole dose with each Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) composite score in neonates with NEC.

Comparison of Amikacin Pharmacokinetics in Neonates With and Without Congenital Heart Disease.

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the volume of distribution (Vd), clearance (CL), elimination rate (K), and half-life (t½) of amikacin in neonates with cyanotic defects, acyanotic defects, and controls, adjusted for gestational and postnatal age. Secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) between controls and the congenital heart disease (CHD) group and to identify potential risk factors.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included neonates receiving amikacin from January 1, 2013 to August 31, 2016.

Conversion From Continuous Infusion Fentanyl to Continuous Infusion Hydromorphone in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Opioid rotations from fentanyl to hydromorphone may reduce opioid/sedative exposure in critically ill children.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine the conversion percentage from fentanyl to hydromorphone infusions using equianalgesic conversions (0.1 mg fentanyl = 1.

Publication Rates of Pediatric-Focused Resident Research Projects Presented at The Pediatric Pharmacy Association Bruce Parks Memorial Residency Showcase.

Objectives: The primary objective was to identify the number of residency projects presented at the Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) Bruce Parks Memorial Residency Showcase that were subsequently published. Secondary objectives included a comparison of subsequent publications after residency completion between those who did and did not publish their residency project and an analysis of factors associated with subsequent publications.

Methods: This was a descriptive study including all pediatric-focused resident projects presented at the PPA Bruce Parks Memorial Residency Showcase from 2006 to 2015.

Frequency and Severity of Chlorothiazide-Induced Hyponatremia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: Although thiazide diuretics are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the risk of thiazide-induced hyponatremia in infants has not been well documented. The primary objective of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of hyponatremia in neonates and infants receiving enteral chlorothiazide. Secondary objectives included identifying: (1) percent change in serum sodium from before chlorothiazide initiation to nadir, (2) time to reach nadir serum sodium concentration, and (3) percentage of patients on chlorothiazide receiving sodium supplementation.

Evaluation of dosing and safety outcomes of low-dose prophylactic warfarin in children after cardiothoracic surgery.

Purpose: Prophylactic warfarin with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) goal of 1.5 to 2.0 is one antithrombotic therapy utilized in children after cardiothoracic surgery (CTS); published sources suggest a dose of 0.