Excessive gestational weight gain prior to glucose screening and the risk of gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis.

Aims/hypothesis: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) may be a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to study the association between excessive GWG (defined according to Institute of Medicine recommendations) prior to GDM screening, and GDM.

Methods: We systematically searched four electronic databases from 1990 until September 2014 for observational studies published in English or German that reported an association between excessive GWG and GDM as the outcome.

Parental smoking and childhood obesity: higher effect estimates for maternal smoking in pregnancy compared with paternal smoking--a meta-analysis.

Background: Some studies reported similar effect estimates for the impact of maternal smoking in pregnancy and paternal smoking on childhood obesity, whereas others suggested higher effects for maternal smoking. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effect of in utero exposure to maternal smoking and that of paternal or household smoking exposure in utero or after birth with mutual adjustment.

Methods: Meta-analysis of observational studies identified in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge published in 1900-2013.