Supporting Labor After 2 Cesarean Births.

Labor after cesarean (LAC) is a safe alternative for pregnant persons who have had 1 or 2 previous cesarean births (CBs) and have no contraindication to vaginal birth. When compared with repeat CB, vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) reduces short- and long-term health complications and morbidity and should therefore be presented as an option. Despite recommendations from the American College of Nurse-Midwives and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in support of LAC, not all pregnant persons who are candidates have access to this option.

Workforce Survey of Connecticut Midwives.

Introduction: Midwives in Connecticut lack resources for current, state-specific data regarding compensation, benefits, work hours, and scope of practice. The primary purpose of this study was to provide detailed information about the work and services provided by midwives in Connecticut and how they are compensated.

Methods: Certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) licensed in Connecticut were recruited for a 53-question online survey between October 2021 and February 2022.

Language exposure outside the home becomes more English-dominant from 30 to 60 months for children from Spanish-speaking homes in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to document the out-of-home exposure to English and Spanish experienced by children from Spanish-speaking homes in the United States during the preschool years.

Methodology: Primary caregivers of 149 children from Spanish-speaking homes in South Florida reported on their children's language exposure.

Data And Analysis: Descriptive statistics and paired-samples -tests described and compared children's exposure to English and Spanish outside the home.

Clinical techniques in veterinary dermatology: regional anaesthesia of the canine and feline distal limb.

Background: Local anaesthesia for procedures involving the distal limb are a useful component of balanced protocols to achieve effective procedural analgesia for patients. A ring block is an effective and straightforward technique.

Hypothesis/objective: To review and describe the ring block technique for local anaesthesia of the canine and feline distal limb.

Implementing Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping in Cesarean Birth Using a Novel Method: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Safety.

Introduction: Although delayed cord clamping (DCC) is regarded as the standard of care for all vigorous newborns, those born via cesarean birth are less likely to be afforded this option, especially for longer than 30 to 60 seconds. This pilot study was undertaken to determine whether removal of the placenta before cord clamping to allow for DCC of at least 3 minutes during term, uncomplicated cesarean birth is feasible and without apparent safety issues in order to support a large prospective study on the benefits of this method.

Methods: Women having a term, uncomplicated cesarean birth who consented to the study were enrolled.

Expressive Vocabulary Development in Children from Bilingual and Monolingual Homes: A Longitudinal Study from Two to Four Years.

The early course of language development among children from bilingual homes varies in ways that are not well described and as a result of influences that are not well understood. Here, we describe trajectories of relative change in expressive vocabulary from 22 to 48 months and vocabulary achievement at 48 months in two groups of children from bilingual homes (children with one and children with two native Spanish-speaking parents [s = 15 and 11]) and in an SES-equivalent group of children from monolingual English homes ( = 31). The two groups from bilingual homes differed in their mean levels of English and Spanish skills, in their developmental trajectories during this period, and in the relation between language use at home and their vocabulary development.