Interactions between muscle volume and body mass index on brain structure in the UK Biobank.

Background: Low skeletal muscle volume may increase dementia risk through mechanisms affecting brain structure. However, it is unclear whether this relationship exists outside of sarcopenia and/or varies by other factors. We aimed to study the interplay between skeletal muscle volume and factors, such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), in explaining brain structure at midlife in a cohort without sarcopenia.

Interactions between age, sex and visceral adipose tissue on brain ageing.

Aim: To examine the associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and brain structural measures at midlife and explore how these associations may be affected by age, sex and cardiometabolic factors.

Methods: We used abdominal and brain magnetic resonance imaging data from a population-based cohort of people at midlife in the UK Biobank. Regression modelling was applied to study associations of VAT volume with total brain volume (TBV), grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and total hippocampal volume (THV), and whether these associations were altered by age, sex or cardiometabolic factors.

Cognitive trajectories during the menopausal transition.

Aims: Female sex is associated with an increased prevalence of dementia. Menopause may have a role to play in explaining sex differences in cognition, and possibly the risk of future dementia. We aimed to determine if the rate of cognitive decline differed between stages of the menopausal transition.

Associations of Sex, Age, and Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles With Brain Structure and Cognition: A UK Biobank Latent Class Analysis.

Background And Objectives: It is unknown whether there are sex-related profiles of cardiometabolic health that contribute differently to age-related changes in brain health during midlife. We studied how latent classes of middle-aged individuals clustering by age, sex, menopause, and cardiometabolic health were associated with brain structure and cognitive performance.

Methods: Health, brain, and abdominal MRI data from the UK Biobank cohort (men and women aged >40 years in the United Kingdom) were used.

New Horizons-Cognitive Dysfunction Associated With Type 2 Diabetes.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive dysfunction increases with age. As society ages, clinicians will be increasingly tasked with managing older people who have both T2D and cognitive dysfunction. T2D is associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and hence there is increasing interest in whether T2D is a causal factor in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and dementia.

Interactions Between Age, Sex, Menopause, and Brain Structure at Midlife: A UK Biobank Study.

Objectives: Age and female sex are risk factors for dementia, and menopause is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Previous work largely considered the effects of sex and menopause as being independent of age. We studied whether age interacts with sex or menopause in explaining imaging biomarkers of dementia during midlife.

Examination of risk scores to better predict hospital-related harms.

Background: Many hospitals use predictive scores to identify a person's risk of inpatient falls, pressure injury and malnutrition despite evidence of limited predictive accuracy.

Aim: To examine whether we could improve predictive accuracy by generating a score combining all components of currently used tools.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-validation study in a single sub-acute (geriatrics and rehabilitation) hospital, extracting data regarding hospital risk scores, and incidence of falls, pressure injury and malnutrition from January 2014 to June 2016.

Cadaveric lobar lung transplantation: technical aspects.

Background: The use of lobar transplantation and other size reduction techniques has allowed larger donor lungs to be utilized for smaller recipients who tend to have longer waiting times for transplantation. However, despite these advantages, the techniques have not been widely adopted. We outline the surgical and sizing issues associated with this technique.