Contraceptive and pregnancy concerns in the UK during the first COVID-19 lockdown: A rapid study.

Objectives: COVID-19 resulted in significant disruption to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services globally and the impact of this remains under explored. This study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on SRH during the initial weeks of the first UK lockdown.

Design: This rapid study employed a cross-sectional anonymous survey design.

A first step towards best practice recommendations for the design and statistical analyses of pragmatic clinical trials: A modified Delphi approach.

Aim: Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are randomized trials implemented through routine clinical practice, where design parameters of traditional randomized controlled trials are modified to increase generalizability. However, this may introduce statistical challenges. We aimed to identify these challenges and discuss possible solutions leading to best practice recommendations for the design and analysis of PCTs.

Improving Our Understanding and Practice of Antibiotic Prescribing: A Study on the Use of Social Norms Feedback Letters in Primary Care.

In the UK, 81% of all antibiotics are prescribed in primary care. Previous research has shown that a letter from the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) giving social norms feedback to General Practitioners (GPs) whose practices are high prescribers of antibiotics can decrease antibiotic prescribing. The aim of this study was to understand the best way for engaging with GPs to deliver feedback on prescribing behaviour that could be replicated at scale; and explore GP information requirements that would be needed to support prescribing behaviour change.

European-wide policymaking at the urban level: a qualitative study.

Background: Inter-urban area (UA) health inequalities can be as dramatic as those between high and low-income countries. Policies need to focus on the determinants of health specific to UAs to effect change. This study therefore aimed to determine the degree to which policymakers from different countries could make autonomous health and wellbeing policy decisions for their urban jurisdiction area.

Correction to: The role of real-world data in the development of treatment guidelines: a case study on guideline developers' opinions about using observational data on antibiotic prescribing in primary care.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Implementation of a "real-world" learning health system: Results from the evaluation of the Connected Health Cities programme.

Background: The "learning health system" has been proposed to deliver better outcomes for patients and communities by analyzing routinely captured health information and feeding back results to clinical staff. This approach has been piloted in the Connected Health Cities (CHC) programme in four regions in the North of England. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of this program conducted between February and December 2018.

The role of real-world data in the development of treatment guidelines: a case study on guideline developers' opinions about using observational data on antibiotic prescribing in primary care.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a prominent threat to public health. Although many guidelines have been developed over the years to tackle this issue, their impact on health care practice varies. Guidelines are often based on evidence from clinical trials, but these have limitations, particularly in the breadth and generalisability of the evidence and evaluation of the guidelines' uptake.

Evaluation protocol of the implementation of a learning healthcare system in clinical practice: the Connected Health Cities programme in the north of England.

Introduction: The 'learning healthcare system' (LHS) has been proposed to deliver better outcomes for patients and communities by analysing routinely captured health information and feeding back results to clinical staff. This approach is being piloted in the Connected Health Cities (CHC) programme in four regions in the north of England. This article describes the protocol of the evaluation of this programme.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-hospital diagnostic accuracy studies.

Introduction: Paramedics are involved in examining, treating and diagnosing patients. The accuracy of these diagnoses is evaluated using diagnostic accuracy studies. We undertook a systematic review of published literature to provide an overview of how accurately paramedics diagnose patients compared with hospital doctors.

Developing a typology of mobile phone usage in social care: A critical review of the literature.

The ways in which mobile phones have transformed the boundaries of time and space and the possibilities of communication have profoundly affected our lives. However, there is little research on the use of mobiles in social care though evidence is emerging that mobile phones can play an important role in delivering services. This paper is based on a scoping review of the international literature in this area.

Collecting standardised urban health indicator data at an individual level for adults living in urban areas: methodology from EURO-URHIS 2.

An aim of the EURO-URHIS 2 project was to collect standardised data on urban health indicators (UHIs) relevant to the health of adults resident in European urban areas. This article details development of the survey instruments and methodologies to meet this aim. 32 urban areas from 11 countries conducted the adult surveys.

The EURO-URHIS 2 project in Ho Chi Min City: contextual adequacy in cross-cultural research.

The European Urban Health Indicators System Project Part 2 (EURO-URHIS 2) is a cross-national study that was implemented in Europe. It consists of four data collection tools that were specifically developed to collect health data at an urban level. This paper reviews some of the methodological constraints in adapting the EURO-URHIS 2 study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.