TRIM5α: A Protean Architect of Viral Recognition and Innate Immunity.

The evolutionary pressures exerted by viral infections have led to the development of various cellular proteins with potent antiviral activities, some of which are known as antiviral restriction factors. TRIpartite Motif-containing protein 5 alpha (TRIM5α) is a well-studied restriction factor of retroviruses that exhibits virus- and host-species-specific functions in protecting against cross-primate transmission of specific lentiviruses. This specificity is achieved at the level of the host gene through positive selection predominantly within its C-terminal B30.

Human ESCRT-I and ALIX function as scaffolding helical filaments .

Unlabelled: The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) is an evolutionarily conserved machinery that performs reverse-topology membrane scission in cells universally required from cytokinesis to budding of enveloped viruses. Upstream acting ESCRT-I and ALIX control these events and link recruitment of viral and cellular partners to late-acting ESCRT-III CHMP4 through incompletely understood mechanisms. Using structure-function analyses combined with super-resolution imaging, we show that ESCRT-I and ALIX function as distinct helical filaments .

Using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) Transposon to Generate Stable Cells Producing Enveloped Virus-Like Particles (eVLPs) Pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins for Vaccination.

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system is an efficient non-viral tool for gene transfer into a variety of cells, including human cells. Through a cut-and-paste mechanism, your favorite gene (YFG) is integrated into AT-rich regions within the genome, providing stable long-term expression of the transfected gene. The SB system is evolving and has become a powerful tool for gene therapy.

Erratum: Rose et al. When in Need of an ESCRT: The Nature of Virus Assembly Sites Suggests Mechanistic Parallels between Nuclear Virus Egress and Retroviral Budding. 2021, , 1138.

The authors wish to make the following erratum to this paper [...

From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements.

An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as this, primates including humans have evolved an innate immune sensor for the retroviral capsid lattice known as TRIM5α.