The Shift of the Intestinal Microbiome in the Innate Immunity-Deficient Mutant Strain of upon Orsay Virus Infection.

The status of intestinal microbiota is a determinant of host health. However, the alteration of the gut microbiota caused by the innate immune response to virus infection is unclear. and its natural virus Orsay provide an excellent model of host-virus interactions.

RIG-I Homolog Mediates Antiviral RNA Interference Downstream of Dicer-Dependent Biogenesis of Viral Small Interfering RNAs.

Dicer enzymes process virus-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to initiate specific antiviral defense by related RNA interference (RNAi) pathways in plants, insects, nematodes, and mammals. Antiviral RNAi in requires Dicer-related helicase 1 (DRH-1), not found in plants and insects but highly homologous to mammalian retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), intracellular viral RNA sensors that trigger innate immunity against RNA virus infection. However, it remains unclear if DRH-1 acts analogously to initiate antiviral RNAi in Here, we performed a forward genetic screen to characterize antiviral RNAi in Using a mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we uncovered four loss-of-function alleles of , three of which caused mutations in the helicase and C-terminal domains conserved in RLRs.