A synaptic corollary discharge signal suppresses midbrain visual processing during saccade-like locomotion.

In motor control, the brain not only sends motor commands to the periphery, but also generates concurrent internal signals known as corollary discharge (CD) that influence sensory information processing around the time of movement. CD signals are important for identifying sensory input arising from self-motion and to compensate for it, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings from neurons in the zebrafish optic tectum, we discovered an inhibitory synaptic signal, temporally locked to spontaneous and visually driven locomotion.

Systemic Reprogramming of Endothelial Cell Signaling in Metastasis and Cachexia.

Proliferating cancer cells secrete a multitude of factors impacting metabolism, interorgan communication, and tumor progression. The distribution of tumor-derived factors to distant organs occurs via the circulation, which provides an extensive reactive surface lined by endothelial cells. Primary tumor-derived proteins impact cancer progression by modulating endothelial cell activation at the (pre-)metastatic niche, which affects tumor cell dissemination as well as the outgrowth of seeded metastatic cells into overt tumors.

Ultrasound-based "CEUS-Bosniak"classification for cystic renal lesions: an 8-year clinical experience.

Purpose: Renal cysts comprise benign and malignant entities. Risk assessment profits from CT/MRI imaging using the Bosniak classification. While Bosniak-IIF, -III, and -IV cover complex cyst variants, Bosniak-IIF and -III stand out due to notorious overestimation.

Temporal multi-omics identifies LRG1 as a vascular niche instructor of metastasis.

Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. Tumor cell interactions with cells of the vessel wall are decisive and potentially rate-limiting for metastasis. The molecular nature of this cross-talk is, beyond candidate gene approaches, hitherto poorly understood.

Quantification of Lipoprotein Uptake Using Magnetic Particle Imaging and Spectroscopy.

Lipids are a major source of energy for most tissues, and lipid uptake and storage is therefore crucial for energy homeostasis. So far, quantification of lipid uptake has primarily relied on radioactive isotope labeling, exposing human subjects or experimental animals to ionizing radiation. Here, we describe the quantification of uptake of chylomicrons, the primary carriers of dietary lipids, in metabolically active tissues using magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS).

Altering microtubule dynamics is synergistically toxic with spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. As most cancers are aneuploid, targeting aneuploidy or CIN may be an effective way to target a broad spectrum of cancers. Here, we perform two small molecule compound screens to identify drugs that selectively target cells that are aneuploid or exhibit a CIN phenotype.

Sonography of the renal allograft: Correlation between doppler sonographic resistance index (RI) and histopathology.

Introduction: Allograft rejection (AR), chronic allograft injury (CAI) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) can lead to renal allograft dysfunction after kidney transplantation. Interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (Banff classification 2005) describes chronic allograft injury with no specific etiology, thus explaining the common final endpoint of various (immunologic and non immunologic) etiologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations between the Doppler sonographic RI-values and histopathological changes of renal allografts biopsies during rejection, acute tubular necrosis and chronic allograft injury as well as the influence of donor and recipient features on the intrarenal RI-values.

Drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents for the prevention of restenosis in patients with renovascular disease.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared to bare metal stents (BMS) for the endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS).

Methods And Results: We retrospectively evaluated all of our endovascular BMS and DES implantations performed in de novo ARAS between 2000 and 2014 at our institution. The occurrence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) detected by ultrasound or angiography, kidney function, blood pressure (BP), and the number of antihypertensive drugs were analysed as endpoints.

Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-Detected Bleeding Complications after Ultrasound-Guided Transcutaneous Kidney Biopsies.

The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to examine ultrasound-detected complications after diagnostic parenchymal renal biopsies. After 471 ultrasound-guided kidney biopsies (225 native kidneys and 246 renal allografts), ultrasound revealed hematomas (21.9%), arterio-venous fistulas (8.

Classification of object size in retinotectal microcircuits.

Background: A principal task of the visual system is to detect and classify moving objects in the visual environment. Information about the size of an object is critical for selecting appropriate behavioral responses. Object size is encoded in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity.

The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in late-phase preconditioning with xenon, isoflurane and levosimendan in rat cardiomyocytes.

Objectives: The protective effects of late-phase preconditioning can be triggered by several stimuli. Unfortunately, the transfer from bench to bedside still represents a challenge, as concomitant medication or diseases influence the complex signalling pathways involved. In an established model of primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we analysed the cardioprotective effects of three different stimulating pharmaceuticals of clinical relevance.

Comparison of two voltage-sensitive dyes and their suitability for long-term imaging of neuronal activity.

One of the key approaches for studying neural network function is the simultaneous measurement of the activity of many neurons. Voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) simultaneously report the membrane potential of multiple neurons, but often have pharmacological and phototoxic effects on neuronal cells. Yet, to study the homeostatic processes that regulate neural network function long-term recordings of neuronal activities are required.