Digital human ergonomics training for remote office workers: Comparing a novel method to a traditional online format.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of an online ergonomics training program with a digital human compared to an online ergonomics training program without a digital human.

Method: Remote office workers (n = 138) were randomly assigned to either a digital human training, a traditional webpage training without a digital human, or a control group. Musculoskeletal discomfort, knowledge retention, and behavior change were measured.

Deep learning to extract the meteorological by-catch of wildlife cameras.

Microclimate-proximal climatic variation at scales of metres and minutes-can exacerbate or mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. However, most microclimate studies are temperature centric, and do not consider meteorological factors such as sunshine, hail and snow. Meanwhile, remote cameras have become a primary tool to monitor wild plants and animals, even at micro-scales, and deep learning tools rapidly convert images into ecological data.

Can freshwater plants and algae act as an effective feed supplement to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock?

Methane production by livestock is a substantial component of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The marine red algae, Asparagopsis taxiformis, has been identified as a possible supplement in livestock feeds due to its potent inhibition of methane production but currently is unable to be produced at scale. Finding additional taxa that inhibit methane production is therefore desirable.

Field-based longitudinal evaluation of multimodal worker fatigue assessments in offshore shiftwork.

Fatigue in offshore environments is a critical safety hazard, yet the utility of daily fatigue assessments has not been longitudinally examined in these environments. The aim of this exploratory longitudinal field study across two drillships in the Gulf of Mexico was to determine the changes in subjective, performance-based, and physiological fatigue measures over time across different shift types (day, night, and swing) and to identify correlations between these multimodal fatigue assessments. Repeated measures correlation analyses of daily fatigue data from seventy offshore workers revealed that while total sleep time remained unaffected by time on rig, workers' performances on the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) deteriorated over time across all shift types.

Pandemic-Induced Telework Challenges and Strategies.

Unlabelled: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, telework was an established discretionary practice with a considerable amount of research. However, the COVID-19 pandemic forced people who had never worked from home before to do so. Our two-wave descriptive investigation provides a historical snapshot of what approximately 400 teleworkers experienced in the first two to three months of the pandemic.

Building a Covid-19 secure intensive care unit: A human-centred design approach.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted weaknesses in the National Health Service critical care provision including both capacity and infrastructure. Traditionally, healthcare workspaces have failed to fully incorporate Human-Centred Design principles resulting in environments that negatively affect the efficacy of task completion, patient safety and staff wellbeing. In the summer of 2020, we received funds for the urgent construction of a Covid-19 secure critical care facility.

Risk Perceptions in Agricultural Aviation.

Background: Agricultural aircraft operations are an integral part of the agricultural sector. According to the National Agriculture Aviation Association (NAAA), aerial applications are conducted in all 50 states of the U.S.

Organizational climate profiles: Identifying meaningful combinations of climate level and strength.

According to situation strength theory, organizational climate should have a stronger effect on group behavior when members' perceptions of the climate are both unambiguous (i.e., very high or very low) and shared than when they are more ambiguous and less shared.

Surveillance mammography after treatment for male breast cancer.

Purpose: To identify the practice patterns related to use of surveillance mammography in male breast cancer (MaBC) survivors.

Methods: Using administrative claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse, we identified men who underwent surgery for breast cancer during 2007-2017. We calculated the proportion of men who had at least one mammogram (a) within 13 months for all patients and (b) within 24 months amongst those who maintained their insurance coverage for at least that length of time after surgery.

Too good to be true? Are supervisor-perspective ratings a valid substitute for actual supervisor ratings?

Due to well-known problems with self-ratings of job performance (e.g., inflation, weak correlation with supervisor ratings) and the challenges of collecting supervisor ratings of job performance, researchers sometimes use supervisor-perspective ratings (e.

Evaluation for clinical benefit of metformin in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national claims-based cohort analysis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with high morbidity and limited treatment options. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbid illness among patients with IPF and is often treated with metformin, the first-line agent in the management of T2DM. There is growing evidence demonstrating metformin's anti-fibrotic properties; however, there is little real-world clinical data regarding its potential effectiveness in IPF.

A Taxonomy of Employee Motives for Telework.

This qualitative research contributes to the telework research literature by identifying and categorizing employee motives for teleworking. Motives for telework contextualize teleworking behavior, represent proximal telework outcomes, and serve as potential boundary conditions for telework-outcome relationships. Role identity theory (Burke & Tully (4), 881-897, 1977) and the uncertainty-reduction hypothesis (Hogg & Terry 121-140, 2000) suggest that motives may be driven by role salience and the ability to meet work and nonwork demands.

Incidence and risk factors for prolonged postoperative opioid use following lumbar spine surgery: a cohort study.

Objective: Sustained postoperative opioid use after elective surgery is a matter of growing concern. Herein, the authors investigated incidence and predictors of long-term opioid use among patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery, especially as a function of opioid prescribing practices at postoperative discharge (dose in morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs] and type of opioid).

Methods: The OptumLabs Data Warehouse (OLDW) was queried for postdischarge opioid prescriptions for patients undergoing elective lumbar decompression and discectomy (LDD) or posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) for degenerative spine disease.

Outcomes for hospitalized patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with antifibrotic medications.

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease for which there is no cure. However, lung function decline, hospitalizations, and mortality may be reduced with the use of the antifibrotic medications, nintedanib and pirfenidone. Historical outcomes for hospitalized patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis are grim; however there is a paucity of data since the approval of nintedanib and pirfenidone for treatment.

Variations in Postoperative Opioid Prescription Practices and Impact on Refill Prescriptions Following Lumbar Spine Surgery.

Objective: Understanding postsurgical prescribing patterns and their impact on persistent opioid use is important for establishing reasonable opioid prescribing protocols. We aimed to determine national variation in postoperative opioid prescription practices following elective lumbar spine surgery and their impact on short-term refill prescriptions.

Methods: The OptumLabs Data Warehouse was queried from 2016 to 2017 for adults undergoing anterior lumbar fusion, posterior lumbar fusion, circumferential lumbar fusion, and lumbar decompression/discectomy for degenerative spine disease.

Use of Post-Acute Care Services and Readmissions After Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiac Arrest and Cardiogenic Shock.

Objective: To evaluate post-acute care utilization and readmissions after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: With use of an administrative claims database, AMI patients from January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2018, were stratified into CA+CS, CA only, CS only, and AMI alone. Outcomes included 90-day post-acute care (inpatient rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility) utilization and 1-year emergency department visits and readmissions.

Adoption of the Antifibrotic Medications Pirfenidone and Nintedanib for Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

In October 2014, the antifibrotic medications pirfenidone and nintedanib became the first medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Explaining the negative impact of workplace incivility on work and non-work outcomes: The roles of negative rumination and organizational support.

Research studies have shown that workplace incivility is associated with numerous negative work and non-work outcomes. The underlying mechanisms explaining why workplace incivility is associated with these outcomes, as well as contextual buffers of these relationships, have received less attention. This study extends workplace incivility research by examining the mediating role of negative rumination as a potential factor undergirding the relationship between experiences of incivility from colleagues at work and detrimental outcomes.

Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction With Concomitant Cardiogenic Shock and Cardiac Arrest.

This study sought to evaluate long-term mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This was a retrospective cohort study using an administrative claims database. AMI patients from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2018 were stratified into CA + CS, CA only, CS only, and AMI alone cohorts.

Risk of Systemic Adverse Events after Intravitreal Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept in Routine Clinical Practice.

Purpose: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pharmacotherapy plays a central role in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinal disease (DRD), and retinal venous occlusive disease (RVO). Within clinical trials, rates of systemic serious adverse events (SAEs) after anti-VEGF treatment have been low. However, the comparative systemic safety profile of common anti-VEGF agents remains incompletely understood.

Improving workplace safety by thinking about what might have been: A first look at the role of counterfactual thinking.

Introduction: Information processing theories of workplace safety suggest that cognition is an antecedent of safety behavior. However, little research has directly tested cognitive factors as predictors of workplace safety within organizational psychology and behavior research. Counterfactuals (cognitions about "what might have been") can be functional when they consist of characteristics (e.

Patterns of Use, Efficacy, and Safety of Treatment Options for Patients with Graves' Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Considerable uncertainty remains about the pattern of use of treatment options for Graves' disease (GD) and their comparative effectiveness and safety. Between 2005 and 2013, we identified patients with GD who received antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine (RAI) or surgery, and were represented in a large administrative data set in the United States (OptumLabs Data Warehouse). We identified 4661 patients with GD: mean age 48 (SD ±14) years, white (63%), and female (80%).

Thrifty phenotype versus cold adaptation: trade-offs in upper limb proportions of Himalayan populations of Nepal.

The multi-stress environment of high altitude has been associated with growth deficits in humans, particularly in zeugopod elements (forearm and lower leg). This is consistent with the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, which has been observed in Andeans, but has yet to be tested in other high-altitude populations. In Himalayan populations, other factors, such as cold stress, may shape limb proportions.

The measurement equivalence of a safety climate measure across five faultlines.

This study examines the appropriateness of comparing safety climate survey responses across multiple faultlines-hypothetical dividing lines that split a group into subgroups based on one or more attributes. Using survey data from 8790 employees of a multinational chemical processing and manufacturing company from 76 work sites nested within 19 different countries, we examined the multilevel measurement equivalence of a safety climate measure across cultural dimensions, survey languages, organizational hierarchy, employment arrangements, and work environments. As simulation studies support the faultline at the individual-level requires measurement equivalence tests that are different from the faultline at the country-level, we used multi-group multilevel confirmatory factor analyses for the Level-3 faultline, and multilevel factor mixture models for known classes for the Level-1 faultlines.