A self-amplifying RNA vaccine prevents enterovirus D68 infection and disease in preclinical models.

The recent emergence and rapid response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was enabled by prototype pathogen and vaccine platform approaches, driven by the preemptive application of RNA vaccine technology to the related Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Recently, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases identified nine virus families of concern, eight enveloped virus families and one nonenveloped virus family, for which vaccine generation is a priority. Although RNA vaccines have been described for a variety of enveloped viruses, a roadmap for their use against nonenveloped viruses is lacking.

Understanding the perspective of community co-educators on community-based service learning: a qualitative analysis.

Background: Community-based service learning (CBSL) is a core component of the Canadian medical education system. However, the unique role of community partner organizations (CPOs) in supporting CBSL remains unclear. This qualitative study evaluates the perspective of CPOs as co-educators in the undergraduate medical curriculum.

A localizing nanocarrier formulation enables multi-target immune responses to multivalent replicating RNA with limited systemic inflammation.

RNA vaccines possess significant clinical promise in counteracting human diseases caused by infectious or cancerous threats. Self-amplifying replicon RNA (repRNA) has been thought to offer the potential for enhanced potency and dose sparing. However, repRNA is a potent trigger of innate immune responses in vivo, which can cause reduced transgene expression and dose-limiting reactogenicity, as highlighted by recent clinical trials.

Effect of Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Acute and Chronic Pain After Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) is a potentially promising modality to help manage postoperative pain. We systematically reviewed the effect of PMS on acute and chronic postoperative pain. MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, ProQuest Dissertations, and clinical trials.

Biochemical and clinical studies of putative allergens to assess what distinguishes them from other non-allergenic proteins in the same family.

Many protein families have numerous members listed in databases as allergens; however, some allergen database entries, herein called "orphan allergens", are members of large families of which all other members are not allergens. These orphan allergens provide an opportunity to assess whether specific structural features render a protein allergenic. Three orphan allergens [Cladosporium herbarum aldehyde dehydrogenase (ChALDH), Alternaria alternata ALDH (AaALDH), and C.

Factors Contributing to the Need for Non-Elective Explant following Surgical Repair of Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to the need for non-elective explant following surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures.

Study Design:  Retrospective multicentre case-control study. Over a 5-year period, dogs ( = 63) that underwent surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures ( = 64) were considered.

Virtual breakout rooms: an effective approach to offer guidance to medical students on residency applications.

Peer mentorship on residency applications has been difficult due to recent public health measures, prompting a shift from in-person events to virtual platforms. To address gaps in career exploration, we created a virtual, non-recorded space that allowed medical students and residents to discuss the Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) process meaningfully and transparently. Attendees reported a greater understanding of the match process and reduced anxiety after the event.

High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance mutations among Seattle patients measured by droplet digital PCR.

Background: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection is often empiric; however, current guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection advise against the use of standard triple therapy (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and proton-pump inhibitor) when clarithromycin resistance exceeds 20%. We developed and tested a new culture-free assay to detect clarithromycin resistance-conferring mutations to determine the prevalence of H. pylori clarithromycin resistance in patients from the United States Pacific Northwest.

Racial Differences in Mental Health Recovery among Veterans with Serious Mental Illness.

Black consumers with serious mental illness (SMI) face significant challenges in obtaining quality mental health care and are at risk for experiencing significant disparities in mental health care outcomes, including recovery from mental illness. Patient-provider interactions may partly contribute to this disparity. The purpose of the current study was to understand the effects of race, psychosis, and therapeutic alliance on mental health recovery orientation among Veterans with SMI.

Predictors of Employment Burnout Among VHA Peer Support Specialists.

Objective: This study evaluated three domains of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and factors associated with burnout in a national sample of peer specialists (PSs) employed at 138 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care systems in 49 states.

Methods: Data were drawn from an observational study in which participants (N=152) completed online, self-report surveys about their mental health recovery, quality of life, and employment experiences at baseline, six months, and 12 months. Levels of burnout were analyzed at each time point, and regression analyses that controlled for baseline levels identified potential predictors of burnout (demographic, clinical, and employment characteristics) at six and 12 months.

Predictors of patient communication in psychiatric medication encounters among veterans with serious mental illnesses.

Objective: Person-centered psychiatric services rely on consumers actively sharing personal information, opinions, and preferences with their providers. This research examined predictors of consumer communication during appointments for psychiatric medication prescriptions.

Methods: The Roter Interaction Analysis System was used to code recorded Veterans Affairs psychiatric appointments with 175 consumers and 21 psychiatric medication prescribers and categorize communication by purpose: biomedical, psychosocial, facilitation, or rapport-building.

Social affiliation and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Examining the role of behavioral skills and subjective responding.

Schizophrenia is characterized by profound impairment in the motivation for social affiliation. Negative symptoms are associated with such impairment but the contribution of behavioral skill deficits is unclear. In this study we utilized a novel video paradigm to assess performance-based affiliative behavioral skills in individuals with schizophrenia (N=48) and community controls (N=29).

Access to and Use of the Internet by Veterans with Serious Mental Illness.

This study evaluated internet use among 239 veterans with serious mental illness who completed questionnaires assessing demographics and internet use in 2010-2011. The majority of individuals (70 %) reported having accessed the internet and among those, 79 % had accessed it within the previous 30 days. Those who were younger and more educated were more likely to have accessed the internet, as were those with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder, compared to individuals with PTSD.

Mentoring the next generation of neuroscience nurses: a pilot study of mentor engagement within an academic-service partnership.

Resulting from a system-wide launch of an academic-service partnership that united a research-intensive School of Nursing and a tertiary healthcare system, neuroscience nurses used a team-based approach in mentoring undergraduate nursing students in neuroscience nursing. They linked their team approach to the Institute of Medicine's Future of Nursing report and American Association of Neuroscience Nurses' (2012) strategic plan to prepare neuroscience nurses for the future. Using case reports containing both the mentors' and students' perspective, we showcase sophomore nursing students' development in neuroscience nursing with focus on their developing skills in competency, leadership, and collaboration.

Consumer satisfaction with psychiatric services: The role of shared decision making and the therapeutic relationship.

Objective: Although dissatisfaction is a primary reason for disengagement from outpatient psychiatric care among consumers with serious mental illnesses, little is known about predictors of their satisfaction with medication management visits. The primary purpose of this study was to explore how dimensions of consumer preferences for shared decision making (i.e.

Factors associated with shared decision-making preferences among veterans with serious mental illness.

Objective: This study evaluated preferences for shared decision making with respect to mental health treatment in a sample of veterans who were diagnosed as having serious mental illness.

Methods: Participants were 239 outpatients receiving care from the Department of Veterans Affairs who completed self-report questionnaires assessing demographic factors, shared decision-making preferences, psychiatric symptom severity, and the therapeutic relationship with their second-generation antipsychotic prescribers (N=21). Preferences were assessed in regard to three components of decision making: knowledge about mental illness, options about mental health treatment, and decisions about mental health care.

Search strategies in systematic reviews in periodontology and implant dentistry.

Objective: To perform an overview of literature search strategies in systematic reviews (SRs) published in periodontology and implant dentistry.

Materials And Methods: Two electronic databases (PubMed and Cochrane Database of SRs) were searched, independently and in duplicate, for SRs with meta-analyses on interventions, with the last search performed on 11 November 2012. Manual searches of the reference lists of included SRs and 10 specialty dental journals were conducted.

Caspase 9 is constitutively activated in mouse oocytes and plays a key role in oocyte elimination during meiotic prophase progression.

In many mammalian species, more than half of the initial oocyte population is eliminated by neonatal life, thus limiting the oocyte reserve for reproduction. The cause or mechanism of this major oocyte loss remains poorly understood. We examined the apoptotic pathway involved in oocyte elimination in wild-type mouse ovaries as well as in Msh5 -/- ovaries, in which all oocytes were eliminated due to a lack of double strand break repair.

The Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR): reliability and validity of a self-report measure of negative symptoms.

The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) is an empirically developed interview measure of negative symptoms. Building on prior work, this study examined the reliability and validity of a self-report measure based on the CAINS-the Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR)-that assesses the motivation and pleasure domain of negative symptoms. Thirty-seven participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed the 18-item MAP-SR, the CAINS, and other measures of functional outcome.

Internalized stigma in schizophrenia: relations with dysfunctional attitudes, symptoms, and quality of life.

Internalized stigma refers to the process by which individuals with mental illness apply negative stereotypes to themselves, expect to be rejected by others, and feel alienated from society. Though internalized stigma has been hypothesized to be associated with maladaptive cognitions and expectations of failure, this relationship with dysfunctional attitudes has not been fully examined. In the present study, 49 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI; Ritsher et al.

Social anhedonia and affiliation: examining behavior and subjective reactions within a social interaction.

Social anhedonia is a promising indicator for the vulnerability towards developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and is an important determinant of the social impairment associated with these disorders. It is unknown if social anhedonia is associated with true deficits in experiential reactions or if lower social functioning in social anhedonia reflects behavioral deficits in social skill or initiation of social contact. Using a novel social interaction task, the current study compared controls (n=60) to individuals elevated on social anhedonia (n=49) on observer-rated social skill and facial affect and participant self-reports of their experiential reactions to an affiliative interaction.

Screening for negative symptoms: preliminary results from the self-report version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms.

Though negative symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with a host of deleterious outcomes (e.g., White et al.