Individual- versus neighborhood-level social determinants of health-related factors and their associations with postoperative morbidity.

Background: Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are neighborhood-level measures of social determinants of health. This study compares individual-level Z codes with these neighborhood-level measures through spatial analysis and their associations with postoperative morbidity.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients at an urban hospital between 2015 and 2021.