Climate Mitigation through Biological Conservation: Extensive and Valuable Blue Carbon Natural Capital in Tristan da Cunha's Giant Marine Protected Zone.

Carbon-rich habitats can provide powerful climate mitigation if meaningful protection is put in place. We attempted to quantify this around the Tristan da Cunha archipelago Marine Protected Area. Its shallows (<1000 m depth) are varied and productive.

Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment.

The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence.

Effects of fish oil supplementation on eicosanoid production in patients at higher risk for colorectal cancer.

Fish oil supplementation may represent a potential chemopreventive agent for reducing colorectal cancer risk. The mechanism of action of fish oil is unknown but presumed to be related to eicosanoid modification. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fish oil supplementation on the levels of urinary and rectal eicosanoids.

Crystal structure of [μ-1κ,:2(1,2,3,4-η)-1,2,3,4-tetra-phenyl-buta-1,3-diene-1,4-di-yl]bis-(tri-carbonyl-osmium)(-).

In the title complex CHOOs or (μ-η-CPh)Os(CO), one Os atom is part of a metalla-cyclo-penta-diene ring, while the second Os atom is π-bonded to the organic portion of this ring. The distance of 2.7494 (2) Å between the two Os atoms is typical of an Os-Os single bond.

Low global sensitivity of metabolic rate to temperature in calcified marine invertebrates.

Metabolic rate is a key component of energy budgets that scales with body size and varies with large-scale environmental geographical patterns. Here we conduct an analysis of standard metabolic rates (SMR) of marine ectotherms across a 70° latitudinal gradient in both hemispheres that spanned collection temperatures of 0-30 °C. To account for latitudinal differences in the size and skeletal composition between species, SMR was mass normalized to that of a standard-sized (223 mg) ash-free dry mass individual.

Thermal reaction norms and the scale of temperature variation: latitudinal vulnerability of intertidal nacellid limpets to climate change.

The thermal reaction norms of 4 closely related intertidal Nacellid limpets, Antarctic (Nacella concinna), New Zealand (Cellana ornata), Australia (C. tramoserica) and Singapore (C. radiata), were compared across environments with different temperature magnitude, variability and predictability, to test their relative vulnerability to different scales of climate warming.

Enhancing the biological activity of immobilized osteopontin using a type-1 collagen affinity coating.

The covalent attachment of biomolecules onto surfaces represents a step toward the improvement of biomaterial properties by providing relevant biological signals of interest to the cell culture or tissue environment. The chemistries involved, however, often attach proteins to the surface in a random fashion, rather than the conformation or orientation most easily recognized by cells and other proteins both in vitro and in vivo. An alternative approach is to take advantage of natural interactions to both bind and orient a biomolecule "naturally," thereby enhancing its biological activity.

Characterization and analysis of osteopontin-immobilized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) surfaces.

A wide array of technologies exist for the characterization and quantification of molecules present at surfaces. We have used several of these experimental and instrumental techniques for the analysis of a novel biomaterial surface. Osteopontin, an extracellular matrix molecule involved in wound-healing processes, has been chosen as a relevant model protein to immobilize onto poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)].