One Size Does Not Fit All: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Management in Neonates.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results from abnormal development of the diaphragm during fetal life, allowing abdominal organs to herniate through the defect into the thorax. Stunted lung growth is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension, which are the primary sources of morbidity and mortality for this population. Despite strides in neonatal and surgical care, the management of neonates with CDH remains challenging.

Recent Review of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants.

Germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) is a particular type of intracranial hemorrhage that affects the preterm population. GMH-IVH originates from bleeding within the highly vascular area near the center of the brain known as the germinal matrix. The pathogenesis of GMH-IVH is unclear; it is likely related to hemodynamic changes and fluctuations in cerebral blood flow within a fragile developing brain.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in the Neonate.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious secondary disease that alters the events in the clotting cascade. DIC leads to microclots in the peripheral vasculature. The uncontrolled formation of these clots consumes the body's clotting factors, which precipitates bleeding.

Differential Diagnoses and Their Implications of Dandy-Walker Malformation or Isolated Cisterna Magna, a Case Study: Baby V.

We explore the outcome of a fetus with a posterior fossa abnormality thought to be a Dandy-Walker malformation based on prenatal ultrasound imaging. The infant was later diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as having an isolated cisterna magna. When assessing brain abnormalities, there is increased accuracy of prenatal MRI versus prenatal ultrasound.

Transitional Objects to Faciliate Grieving Following Perinatal Loss.

Background: Parents who experience a perinatal loss often leave the hospital with empty arms and no tangible mementos to validate the parenting experience. Opportunities to create parenting experiences with transitional objects exist following the infant's death.

Purpose: This article offers suggestions for staff in units where infant loss is possible to best assist parents in optimal grieving through the offering of transitional bereavement objects.

The Use of Whole Body Cooling in the Treatment of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs as a result of a perinatal hypoxic-ischemic event just prior to or during delivery. Therapeutic hypothermia using whole body cooling is the current treatment of choice to reduce brain injury and improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for neonates with HIE.

Evaluation of the Financial and Health Burden of Infants at Risk for Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of death in infants younger than 1 year. In July 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases concluded that the "limited clinical benefit" for infants born at more than 29 weeks' gestation, together with the associated high cost of the immunoprophylaxis, no longer supported the routine use of palivizumab (Synagis).

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the newly adopted AAP palivizumab prophylaxis administration on health and subsequent hospital costs of infants born between 29 and less than 32 weeks' gestation.