Outcomes of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Treatment Among Older Adults: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a safe and convenient method for managing root caries in older adults, but the amount of time that this intervention extends the life of an affected tooth is not clear. This paper aims to evaluate the outcomes of SDF use in older adults in a dental school setting using a retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health records over a period of 2 years.

Methods: A total of 169 patient records were selected for survival analysis after screening using the selection criteria.

Genetic and environment influences on childhood victimization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Childhood victimization is a key risk factor for poor mental and physical health. In order to prevent childhood victimization, it is important to better understand its underlying etiological factors. Childhood victimization is not randomly distributed in the population but occurs more often in the context of certain characteristics of the child, the family, and the broader environment.

Exclusive Human Milk Diets and the Reduction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is common in preterm infants, especially infants less than 32 weeks gestation. Mortality from NEC is 7% and occurs in 1 out of 1000 preterm infants. Studies have shown the efficacy of an exclusive milk from mother diet in decreasing rates of NEC and associated mortality.

Scoping Review: Digital Mental Health Interventions for Children and Adolescents Affected by War.

Objective: More than 200 million children and adolescents live in countries affected by violent conflict, are likely to have complex mental health needs, and struggle to access traditional mental health services. Digital mental health interventions have the potential to overcome some of the barriers in accessing mental health support. We performed a scoping review to map existing digital mental health interventions relevant for children and adolescents affected by war, to examine the strength of the evidence base, and to inform the development of future interventions.

Subscales of alexithymia show unique pathways through reappraisal and suppression to anxiety, depression and stress.

The goal of this work was to explore associations of constituent factors of alexithymia on mental health and potential mediating effects of emotion regulation strategies, specifically suppression and reappraisal. Data were collected through the crowd-sourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTURK). Three hundred seventy-seven individuals completed questionnaires related to distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales [DASS]), emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [ERQ]) and Alexithymia (Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire [BVAQ]).

A phenomenological exploration of the gender transition experience: findings to improve culturally competent nursing care and decrease health disparities.

Background: Most recently, it has been reported that 1.4 million adults in the United States identify as transgender. This number is double what was reported just five years earlier.

Health care professionals' self-efficacy in identifying and treating human trafficking victims.

Background: Human trafficking is characterized as a violation of human rights that exploits males and females of any age for personal or financial gain. Recently, health care professionals have been identified as feasible change agents in this global issue. However, many health care professionals are not trained in identifying and treating human trafficking victims.

Editorial: Are Group-Based Interventions Effective for Treating Trauma-Related Psychopathology in Children and Young People?

Trauma-exposed young people are about twice as likely as their unexposed peers to develop mental health problems, which, if left untreated, can have long-term negative consequences. There is robust evidence for the effectiveness of individual trauma-focused psychological therapies to improve trauma-related psychopathology, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in young people. However, there are minimal services that provide such specialist treatments in low/middle-income countries where most young people live, and services may be severely disrupted at times of extreme stressors, such as war, natural disasters, and other humanitarian crises, when need is greatest.

Something old, something new - can adding genomic data to family studies advance our understanding of the impact of nature and nurture on mental health? Commentary on McAdams et al. (2023).

In their annual research review, McAdams, Cheesman, and Ahmadzadeh (2023) provide a thorough overview of how the use of novel genetically informative approaches can increase our knowledge about the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. Many JCPP readers will already be familiar with genetically sensitive family-based designs, such as twin and adoption studies, as well as with newer molecular-genetic approaches, such as polygenic-score studies. McAdams et al.

Improving Communication to Neonatal Resuscitation Team Members During High-Risk Births.

Objective: To determine whether implementation of a written communication tool in labor and delivery during high-risk births improves communication, preparation, and satisfaction of responding neonatal resuscitation team members.

Design: Quality improvement project with a pretest and posttest design.

Setting/local Problem: Two labor and delivery units and a third labor-delivery-recovery-postpartum unit within a health care system in the southeastern United States.

Youth Development Staff Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Youth-serving organizations in the United States provide programs, activities, and opportunities for young people before school, during school, after school, in summer, and on weekends. At the core of youth-serving organizations are the adults; that is, youth development staff.

Objective: In this explanatory sequential mixed methods study we explored youth development staff's stress and worries, their compassion satisfaction, and whether stress and compassion satisfaction varied by race/ethnicity and gender during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic - a collective trauma event.

Current recommendations/practices for anonymising data from clinical trials in order to make it available for sharing: A scoping review.

Background/aims: There are increasing pressures for anonymised datasets from clinical trials to be shared across the scientific community, and differing recommendations exist on how to perform anonymisation prior to sharing. We aimed to systematically identify, describe and synthesise existing recommendations for anonymising clinical trial datasets to prepare for data sharing.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 8 February 2021.

Bacterial Associates of a Desert Specialist Fungus-Growing Ant Antagonize Competitors with a Nocamycin Analog.

Fungus-growing ants are defended by antibiotic-producing bacterial symbionts in the genus . Nutrients provisioned by the ants support these symbionts but also invite colonization and competition from other bacteria. As an arena for chemically mediated bacterial competition, this niche offers a window into ecological antibiotic function with well-defined competing organisms.

Clinical prediction models in psychiatry: a systematic review of two decades of progress and challenges.

Recent years have seen the rapid proliferation of clinical prediction models aiming to support risk stratification and individualized care within psychiatry. Despite growing interest, attempts to synthesize current evidence in the nascent field of precision psychiatry have remained scarce. This systematic review therefore sought to summarize progress towards clinical implementation of prediction modeling for psychiatric outcomes.

New directions in research on childhood adversity.

Childhood adversities are major preventable risk factors for poor mental and physical health. Scientific advances in this area are not matched by clinical gains for affected individuals. We reflect on novel research directions that could accelerate clinical impact.

Poor Individual Risk Classification From Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences confer an increased risk for physical and mental health problems across the population, prompting calls for routine clinical screening based on reported adverse childhood experience exposure. However, recent longitudinal research has questioned whether adverse childhood experiences can accurately identify ill health at an individual level.

Methods: Revisiting data collected for the Adverse Childhood Experience Study between 1995 and 1997, this study derived approximate area under the curve estimates to test the ability of the retrospectively reported adverse childhood experience score to discriminate between adults with and without a range of common health risk factors and disease conditions.

Unravelling the contribution of complex trauma to psychopathology and cognitive deficits: a cohort study.

Background: Complex traumas are traumatic experiences that involve multiple interpersonal threats during childhood or adolescence, such as repeated abuse. Complex traumas are hypothesized to lead to more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function than other non-complex traumas. However, empirical testing of this hypothesis has been limited to clinical/convenience samples and cross-sectional designs.

Effects of flavophospholipol on conjugation and plasmid curing of multidrug-resistant Enteritidis in broiler chickens.

Background: Early studies suggested that flavophospholipol has plasmid-curing effects and could inhibit conjugation by disrupting pilus formation between bacteria.

Objectives: This 36-day controlled-challenge study aimed to evaluate the anti-conjugative and plasmid-curing effect of flavophospholipol on plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in MDR transconjugant Enteritidis in chickens.

Methods: A total of 270-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four control and four treatment groups with two doses of in-feed flavophospholipol (10 ppm and 64 ppm) and in the presence and absence of ampicillin in drinking water.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of the Novel Non-immunosuppressive Fingolimod Derivative, OSU-2S, in Dogs and Comparisons with Data in Mice and Rats.

In this study, we characterized the pharmacokinetics of OSU-2S, a fingolimod-derived, non-immunosuppressive phosphatase activator, in mice, rats, and dogs, as well as tolerability and food effects in dogs. Across all species tested, plasma protein binding for OSU-2S was > 99.5%, and metabolic stability and hepatic intrinsic clearance were in the moderate range.

Fluoxetine to improve functional outcomes in patients after acute stroke: the FOCUS RCT.

Background: Our Cochrane review of selective serotonin inhibitors for stroke recovery indicated that fluoxetine may improve functional recovery, but the trials were small and most were at high risk of bias.

Objectives: The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision (FOCUS) trial tested the hypothesis that fluoxetine improves recovery after stroke.

Design: The FOCUS trial was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, individually randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

A Quality Improvement Project Utilizing a Clinical Practice Guideline in Women During Second-Stage Labor.

Second-stage labor is the most challenging stage of labor, as it requires increasing exertion of the birthing woman. Variances in nursing interventions in second-stage labor have an influence on outcomes. There is disparity in nursing care during second-stage labor.

Sex associations and computed tomography coronary angiography-guided management in patients with stable chest pain.

Aims: The relative benefits of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA)-guided management in women and men with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (CHD) are uncertain.

Methods And Results: In this post hoc analysis of an open-label parallel-group multicentre trial, we recruited 4146 patients referred for assessment of suspected angina from 12 cardiology clinics across the UK. We randomly assigned (1:1) participants to standard care alone or standard care plus CTCA.