Week-to-week changes in training were not prospectively associated with injuries among Wisconsin high school cross-country runners.

Background: Training characteristics, such as volume and duration, have been studied in relation to running-related injury (RRI) risk, with mixed findings in adult runners. There is a lack of research assessing how training characteristics relate to RRI in youth runners, despite the high RRI rates observed in this population.

Purpose: To prospectively determine associations between (1) total weekly running volume and duration and (2) week-to-week changes in running volume, duration, intensity and training stress with in-season RRI among high school cross-country runners.

Effect of Running Speed on Knee Biomechanics in Collegiate Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Introduction: Athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate altered surgical knee running kinematics and kinetics compared with the nonsurgical limb and healthy controls. The effect of running speed on biomechanics has not been formally assessed in athletes post-ACLR. The purpose of this study was to characterize how knee biomechanics change with running speed between 3.

Focus areas and methodological characteristics of North American-based health disparity research in sports medicine: a scoping review.

Objective: Health disparities are widely prevalent; however, little has been done to examine and address their causes and effects in sports and exercise medicine (SEM). We aimed to summarise the focus areas and methodology used for existing North American health disparity research in SEM and to identify gaps in the evidence base.

Design: Scoping review.

Changes in Sleep, Stress, and Fatigue Were Not Prospectively Associated With Running-Related Injuries Among High School Cross Country Runners.

Background: Running-related injuries (RRI) are common among adolescent runners; however, our understanding of RRI risk factors in this population is limited. Sleep, stress, and fatigue are risk factors in other youth sports but have not been studied in high school runners. This study prospectively assessed the effect of changes in sleep duration and quality, stress, and fatigue on RRI among high school cross country runners.

Sudden Cardiac Death in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 20-Year Study.

Background: Understanding the incidence, causes, and trends of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young competitive athletes is critical to inform preventive policies.

Methods: This study included National Collegiate Athletic Association athlete deaths during a 20-year time frame (July 1, 2002, through June 30, 2022). Athlete deaths were identified through 4 separate independent databases and search strategies (National Collegiate Athletic Association resolutions list, Parent Heart Watch database and media reports, National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research database, and insurance claims).

Preseason Vertical Center of Mass Displacement During Running and Bone Mineral Density Z-Score Are Risk Factors for Bone Stress Injury Risk in Collegiate Cross-country Runners.

To (1) assess relationships between running biomechanics, bone health, and bone stress injuries (BSIs), and (2) determine which variables constitute the most parsimonious BSI risk model among collegiate cross-country runners. Prospective, observational cohort study. Running gait and bone mineral density (BMD) data from healthy collegiate cross-country runners were collected at preseason over 6 seasons.

Preinjury Knee and Ankle Mechanics during Running Are Reduced among Collegiate Runners Who Develop Achilles Tendinopathy.

Introduction: Achilles tendinopathies (AT) are common in runners, but prospective data assessing running mechanics associated with developing AT are limited. Asymmetry in running mechanics is also considered a risk factor for injury, although it is unknown if the problematic mechanics occur on the injured limb only or are present bilaterally.

Purpose: This study aimed to prospectively identify differences in preinjury running biomechanics in collegiate runners who did and did not develop AT and determine if between-limb asymmetries were associated with which limb developed AT.

The Influence of Quadriceps Strength and Rate of Torque Development on the Recovery of Knee Biomechanics During Running After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), altered surgical knee biomechanics during running is common. Although greater quadriceps strength is associated with more symmetrical running knee kinetics after ACLR, abnormal running mechanics persist even after resolution of quadriceps strength deficits. As running is a submaximal effort task characterized by limited time to develop knee extensor torque, quadriceps rate of torque development (RTD) may be more closely associated with recovery of running knee mechanics than peak torque (PT).

Non-COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology from return-to-play screening in college athletes after COVID-19.

Objective: Concerns for cardiac involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection led to widespread cardiac testing in athletes. We examined incidental non-COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology in college athletes undergoing postinfection return-to-play screening.

Methods: The Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes was a nationwide prospective multicentre observational cohort study that captured testing and outcomes data from 45 institutions (September 2020-June 2021).

Association of Tibial Tubercle-Trochlear Groove Distance With Risk of ACL Graft Failure.

Background: Limited evidence suggests a positive correlation between tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance and the risk of native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The relationship between TT-TG distance and the risk of ACL graft failure is unknown.

Hypothesis: TT-TG distance is independently associated with risk of ACL graft failure.

Sport Specialization and Sport Motivation in Middle School-Aged Athletes.

Context: Sport specialization has been assumed to have psychosocial ramifications for athletes, especially autonomous motivation, which has been associated with continued sport participation. Sport dropout is common in youth athletes, yet it is unknown how sport specialization may affect this population psychosocially.

Objective: To determine the association of sport specialization with autonomous and controlled motivation and amotivation in middle school-aged athletes.

Quadriceps Performance and Running Biomechanics Influence Femur BMD Changes after ACL Reconstruction in Collegiate Athletes.

Purpose: Reduced bone mineral density of the distal femur (BMD DF ) can persist long term after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), even in athletes who return to high levels of competition. These deficits may have implications for the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis. It is unknown if clinically modifiable factors are associated with losses in BMD DF .

Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 complications in young adults: combined analysis of the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry and the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes.

Background: While young adults 18-24 years old bear a significant proportion of COVID-19 diagnoses, the risk factors for hospitalisation and severe COVID-19 complications in this population are poorly understood.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for hospitalisation and other COVID-19 complications across the health spectrum of young adults diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

The Cardiac Effects of COVID-19 on Young Competitive Athletes: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA).

The Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA) study is a large-scale prospective investigation evaluating the cardiovascular effects and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection on young competitive athletes. This review provides an overview of the key results from the ORCCA study. Results from the ORCCA study have provided important insights into the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cardiovascular health of young competitive athletes and informed contemporary screening and return to sport practices.

Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Strategies and Barriers to Overuse Injury Treatment in Adolescent Athletes.

Context: Studies have illustrated that overuse injuries occur in adolescent athletes more often than previously reported. The general purpose of this study was to provide a thorough report of secondary school athletic trainers encounters, practices, and perceptions of overuse injury in adolescent athletes.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Movement Regularity Differentiates Specialized and Nonspecialized Athletes in a Virtual Reality Soccer Header Task.

Background: Young athletes who specialize early in a single sport may subsequently be at increased risk of injury. While heightened injury risk has been theorized to be related to volume or length of exposure to a single sport, the development of unhealthy, homogenous movement patterns, and rigid neuromuscular control strategies may also be indicted. Unfortunately, traditional laboratory assessments have limited capability to expose such deficits due to the simplistic and constrained nature of laboratory measurement techniques and analyses.