Reliability of the original and brief versions of the Eating Disorder Examination in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Psychometric studies evaluating the reliability of eating-disorder assessment among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED) have been limited. The current study documents the interrater reliability and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview when administered to adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5)-defined BED.

Methods: Participants (N = 56) were adults seeking treatment for BED in the context of clinical trials testing pharmacological and psychological treatments.

Do monthly coaching calls influence proximal participant adherence in a behavioral weight loss program?

Participants who receive continued coach contact following behavioral weight loss treatment are more successful in maintaining their weight loss long-term. The current study examines whether these contacts have dynamic effects, such that participants are most adherent to the prescribed weight loss behaviors in the days after the call, when motivation and goal salience may be heightened, than they are as time goes on. The current study examined the trajectory of calorie intake, physical activity, weight, and self-monitoring behavior in the fourteen days after a monthly coaching call among participants completing the maintenance phase of a behavioral weight loss trial.

Factors linking perceived discrimination and weight bias internalization to body appreciation and eating pathology: A moderated mediation analysis of self-compassion and psychological distress.

Stigma and recurrent discriminatory experiences can lead to distress and internalization of biases. Self-compassion is a widely-recognized resilience factor that may decrease the impact of discrimination on psychological well-being. Research highlights the potential utility of self-compassion in counteracting the harmful effects of discrimination, reducing psychological distress, and preventing the development of eating disorders.

Associations between average step counts, variability in step counts and nonhomeostatic eating.

Purpose: Nonhomeostatic drives (e.g., reward and negative emotion) for eating are associated with weight gain over time.

Physical activity changes during behavioral weight loss treatment by Latinx patients with obesity with and without binge eating disorder.

Objective: This secondary analysis examined physical activity (PA) changes and their prognostic significance among Latinx patients with obesity, with and without binge eating disorder (BED), who participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial testing the addition of orlistat to behavioral weight-loss (BWL) treatment in a "real-world" clinical setting.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial at a community mental health center serving economically disadvantaged Spanish-speaking-only Latinx patients, 79 patients with obesity (40 with BED and 39 without BED) received BWL treatment and were randomized to orlistat or placebo. PA, weight, depression, and binge eating were assessed at baseline, posttreatment (end of treatment [4 months]), and the 6-month follow-up (10 months after baseline).

Considering Food Addiction through a Cultural Lens.

Purpose Of Review: Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors, however little is known about the relationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender and acculturation level; iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on our current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of sociocultural variables.

Recent Findings: Preliminary data suggest that food addiction symptoms occur cross-culturally, and that there may be significant differences between sociodemographic groups.

Project Step: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Frequent Feedback and Contingent Incentives on Physical Activity.

Background: Financial incentives and feedback on behavior offer promise for promoting physical activity. However, evidence for the effect of each of these techniques is inadequate. The present study evaluated the effects of daily versus weekly feedback and incentives contingent on reaching a daily walking goal versus noncontingent incentives in a 2 × 2 trial.

The association between negative affect and physical activity among adults in a behavioral weight loss treatment.

Introduction: Many individuals engaged in behavioral weight loss make suboptimal increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Theoretically, reductions in negative affect could reinforce MVPA. However, little work has been done investigating the association between facets of negative affect (e.

Perceived barriers to physical activity during and after a behavioural weight loss programme.

Background: Most adults with overweight/obesity participating in behavioural weight loss (BWL) programmes never achieve prescribed physical activity (PA) levels. This study examined changes in PA barriers, their relationships with accelerometer-measured PA during and after a 12-month BWL programme, and associations between PA barriers and participant characteristics.

Methods: Adults (N = 283) in a BWL programme completed the Barriers to Being Active Quiz, a 21-item self-report measure that assesses seven perceived PA barriers, and they wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days at baseline and at 6 (midtreatment), 12 (end of treatment), 18 (6-mo follow-up), and 24 months (12-mo follow-up).

Is physical activity a risk or protective factor for subsequent dietary lapses among behavioral weight loss participants?

Objective: Dietary lapses drive weight loss failure, and specific factors influence risk of lapse. Physical activity (PA) may be one such risk factor, though whether PA increases or decreases appetite, and thus risk of lapse, is unclear. In fact, most studies examining the relation between PA and energy intake are limited by use of laboratory-based settings, intensive PA manipulations, and healthy-weight samples.

Getting a head start: identifying pretreatment correlates associated with early weight loss for individuals participating in weight loss treatment.

Unlabelled: Early weight loss is associated with greater weight loss following treatment cessation and years later. The present study aimed to identify pretreatment correlates associated with early weight loss in adults participating in weight-loss treatment in primary care. Participants (N = 89) were in the overweight/obesity range seeking weight-loss treatment in primary-care settings and randomized to one of three treatments: Motivational Interviewing and Internet Condition (MIC), Nutrition Psychoeducation and Internet Condition (NPC), or Usual Care (UC).

Evaluating the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effects of Deposit Contracts With and Without Daily Feedback to Promote Physical Activity.

Background: Despite interest in financial incentive programs, evidence regarding the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of deposit contracts (ie, use of participants' own money as a financial reward) for increasing physical activity (PA) is limited. Furthermore, evidence regarding the use of feedback within incentive programs is limited.

Purpose: To evaluate: (1) the feasibility and acceptability of deposit contracts for increasing objectively measured PA and (2) the effects of deposit contracts with or without ongoing feedback on PA.

Associations between physical activity and eating-disorder psychopathology among individuals categorised with binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa.

Objective: While physical activity (PA) is known to have positive effects on psychological and physical health, little is understood about the association between non-compensatory PA (ie, not compulsive or intended to control weight or shape) and psychopathology among individuals with eating-disorder features. The present study explored associations between non-compensatory PA and psychopathology among adults categorised with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED). We further explored the association between compensatory PA and psychopathology among those who engaged in that form of "purging.

I think therefore I Am? Examining the relationship between exercise identity and exercise behavior during behavioral weight loss treatment.

Objectives: Identification as an exerciser may promote physical activity. This study examined exercise identity (EI) and its relationship with demographic characteristics and exercise among adults participating in behavioral weight loss treatment, which is a key target population for increasing exercise.

Design: Longitudinal.

Can the artificial intelligence technique of reinforcement learning use continuously-monitored digital data to optimize treatment for weight loss?

Behavioral weight loss (WL) trials show that, on average, participants regain lost weight unless provided long-term, intensive-and thus costly-intervention. Optimization solutions have shown mixed success. The artificial intelligence principle of "reinforcement learning" (RL) offers a new and more sophisticated form of optimization in which the intensity of each individual's intervention is continuously adjusted depending on patterns of response.

Time to Peak Weight Loss During Extended Behavioral Treatment.

Objective: This study was designed to examine the variability in timing of peak weight loss in behavioral treatment (BT), that is, when treatment participants reach their greatest amount of cumulative weight loss.

Methods: Secondary data analyses were conducted, drawing upon data from two clinical trials that provided 12 months of group-based BT, with sessions meeting less frequently in the second half of the treatment year. Weight was measured at the beginning of each treatment session.

Associations between change in sedentary behavior and outcome in standard behavioral weight loss treatment.

Sedentary behavior, particularly in prolonged periods, is an important determinant of health. Little research exploring changes in sedentary behavior during behavioral weight loss programs exists. This study evaluated the magnitude of changes in total and prolonged sedentary behavior and how these changes related to changes in weight and cardiovascular outcomes during a behavioral weight loss program.

A Pilot Study of an Acceptance-based Behavioral Treatment for Binge Eating Disorder.

While existing treatments produce remission in a relatively large percentage of individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), room for improvement remains. Interventions designed to increase emotion regulation skills and clarify one's chosen values may be well-suited to address factors known to maintain BED. The current study examined the preliminary efficacy of a group-based treatment, Acceptance-based Behavioral Therapy (ABBT), in a small open trial (=19), as well as the relationship between changes in hypothesized mechanisms of action and outcomes.

The association between previous success with weight loss through dietary change and success in a lifestyle modification program.

Prior work has yielded mixed results regarding the association between previous weight loss and success in a current weight loss attempt. The present study evaluated differences in baseline psychosocial processes, changes in these over time, and weight loss during a yearlong behavioral weight loss program between individuals who have and have not previously been successful losing weight through self-regulating dietary intake. Individuals with prior success had greater weight losses over time than those without.

Project HELP: a Remotely Delivered Behavioral Intervention for Weight Regain after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Weight regain following bariatric surgery is common and potentially compromises the health benefits initially attained after surgery. Poor compliance to dietary and physical activity prescriptions is believed to be largely responsible for weight regain. Patients may benefit from developing specialized psychological skills necessary to engage in positive health behaviors over the long term.

Does impulsivity predict outcome in treatment for binge eating disorder? A multimodal investigation.

Multiple dimensions of impulsivity (e.g., affect-driven impulsivity, impulsive inhibition - both general and food-specific, and impulsive decision-making) are associated with binge eating pathology cross-sectionally, yet the literature on whether impulsivity predicts treatment outcome is limited.

Pilot Test of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention to Promote Physical Activity During Weight Loss Maintenance.

Behavioral interventions for obesity reliably facilitate short-term weight loss, but weight regain is normative. A high level of aerobic exercise may promote weight loss maintenance. However, adopting and maintaining a high level of exercise is challenging, and experiential acceptance may be important.

A Pilot Study of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention for Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Tens of thousands of bariatric surgery patients each year experience sub-optimal weight loss, significant regain, or both. Weight regain can contribute to a worsening of weight-related co-morbidities, and for some, leads to secondary surgical procedures. Poor weight outcomes have been associated with decreased compliance to the recommended postoperative diet.

From last supper to self-initiated weight loss: Pretreatment weight change may be more important than previously thought.

Objective: Evaluate the association between pretreatment and during-treatment weight change, as well as differences in self-regulation between those who gain weight, remain weight stable, and lose weight pretreatment.

Methods: Data from the first 6 months of a behavioral weight loss study were used. Participants (n = 283) were weighed at two assessment points (screening visit and baseline) prior to the start of treatment and at every treatment session.