Prevalence and breed predisposition for spinal diseases in pugs and French bulldogs.

Background: Pugs and French bulldogs (FBDs) are commonly presented for spinal disease. The aim of this study was to define the most common spinal diseases in both breeds.

Methods: This was a monocentric retrospective study including pugs and FBDs presenting with clinical signs consistent with spinal disease between 2010 and 2022.

Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production.

The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.

Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth.

The inhibition of shoot branching by the growing shoot tip of plants, termed apical dominance, was originally thought to be mediated by auxin. Recently, the importance of the shoot tip sink strength during apical dominance has re-emerged with recent studies highlighting roles for sugars in promoting branching. This raises many unanswered questions on the relative roles of auxin and sugars in apical dominance.

Horticultural innovation by viral-induced gene regulation of carotenogenesis.

Multipartite viral vectors provide a simple, inexpensive and effective biotechnological tool to transiently manipulate (i.e. reduce or increase) gene expression in planta and characterise the function of genetic traits.

Plasticity of bud outgrowth varies at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Shoot branching is a complex mechanism in which secondary shoots grow from buds that are initiated from meristems established in leaf axils. The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a rosette leaf growth pattern in the vegetative stage. After flowering initiation, the main stem elongates with the top leaf primordia developing into cauline leaves.

Prevalence of traumatic psychological stress reactions in children and parents following paediatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Children undergoing surgery and their parents are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress reactions. We systematically reviewed the literature to understand the prevalence of this issue, as well as potential risk factors.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, using PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Google Scholar, with searches conducted in February 2021.

Integration of the SMXL/D53 strigolactone signalling repressors in the model of shoot branching regulation in Pisum sativum.

DWARF53 (D53) in rice (Oryza sativa) and its homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-LIKE 6 (SMXL6), SMXL7 and SMXL8, are well established negative regulators of strigolactone (SL) signalling in shoot branching regulation. Little is known of pea (Pisum sativum) homologs and whether D53 and related SMXLs are specific to SL signalling pathways. Here, we identify two allelic pea mutants, dormant3 (dor3), and demonstrate through gene mapping and sequencing that DOR3 corresponds to a homolog of D53 and SMXL6/SMXL7, designated PsSMXL7.

De Novo Plant Transcriptome Assembly and Annotation Using Illumina RNA-Seq Reads.

The ability to identify and quantify transcribed sequences from a multitude of organisms using high-throughput RNA sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of genetics and plant biology. However, a number of computational tools used in these analyses still require a reference genome sequence, something that is seldom available for non-model organisms. Computational tools employing de Bruijn graphs to reconstruct full-length transcripts from short sequence reads allow for de novo transcriptome assembly.

An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching.

Many new questions on the regulation of shoot branching have been raised in recent years, prompting a review and reassessment of the role of each signal involved. Sugars and their signaling networks have been attributed a major role in the early events of axillary bud outgrowth, whereas cytokinin appears to play a critical role in the modulation of this process in response to the environment. Perception of the recently discovered hormone strigolactone is now quite well understood, while the downstream targets remain largely unknown.

How close is the dose? Manipulation of 10 mg hydrocortisone tablets to provide appropriate doses to children.

This study explores the methodology advised by healthcare professionals and the methods used by parents/carers to identify whether there is a best practice method for manipulation of 10 mg hydrocortisone tablets to provide an accurate dose to children. Bespoke surveys were used to identify methods recommended and used in manipulation of tablets. Hydrocortisone tablets were manipulated to provide a specified dose by both naïve participants and parents/carers.

IPA1: a direct target of SL signaling.

The plant hormone strigolactone (SL) is important for many processes in plants, but its molecular mode of action has been difficult to elucidate. A new discovery has identified the SPL transcription factor, IPA1, as a crucial component directly involved in SL signaling.

De novo transcriptome assembly reveals high transcriptional complexity in Pisum sativum axillary buds and shows rapid changes in expression of diurnally regulated genes.

Background: The decision for a bud to grow into a branch is a key regulatory process affecting plant architecture. In order to study molecular processes regulating axillary bud outgrowth in the model plant garden pea (Pisum sativum), we sequenced the axillary bud transcriptome and performed de novo transcriptome assembly.

Results: We assembled a pea axillary bud transcriptome into 81,774 transcripts comprised of 194,067 isoforms.

LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE acts in the final stages of strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Strigolactones are a group of plant compounds of diverse but related chemical structures. They have similar bioactivity across a broad range of plant species, act to optimize plant growth and development, and promote soil microbe interactions. Carlactone, a common precursor to strigolactones, is produced by conserved enzymes found in a number of diverse species.

A case study on Walker-Warburg syndrome.

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare, lethal genetic disease associated with a cobblestone-type lissencephaly, eye abnormalities, and a type of muscular dystrophy. There is a wide spectrum of brain and eye defects associated with this diagnosis; therefore, this diagnosis may not initially be considered. This diagnosis is especially difficult for families because there is no treatment available and management of the condition is supportive only.