Should we abandon annual physical examination? - A meta-analysis of annual physical examination and all-cause mortality in adults based on observational studies.

Several meta-analyses based on randomized clinical trials data have failed to find an association between the annual physical examination (APE) and reduced mortality; however, no comparable meta-analysis based on observational data exists. We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies comparing APE versus non-APE in adults for all-cause mortality. English-language searches of four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar) between the years 2000 to 2019 yielded seven observational studies that investigated APE versus non-APE in healthy adults in relation to all-cause mortality.

Impact of Adolescent Personality Disorders on Obesity 17 Years Later.

Objectives: To investigate associations between adolescent personality disorder (PD) and obesity 17 years later.

Methods: The Children in the Community is a longitudinal study based on a randomly sampled cohort of families, in effect since 1975. PDs were assessed in youths by self-report and mother report in 1985 to 1986, when participants were at an average age of 16 years.

The efficacy of religious service attendance in reducing depressive symptoms.

Purpose: To examine whether religiosity may help people ward off depression, we investigated the association between religious service attendance and depressive symptom scores in a community-based 30-year follow-up longitudinal study.

Methods: This study used data on 754 subjects followed over 30 years and evaluated at four time points. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the association between religious service attendance and depressive symptoms development; frequency of attendance and age also were used as predictors.

Religiosity and longitudinal change in psychosocial functioning in adult offspring of depressed parents at high risk for major depression.

Background: Recent findings suggest that beliefs about religious or spiritual importance or attending religious/spiritual services may protect high-risk offspring against depression. This research has not extended to examining religiosity in relation to psychosocial functioning in high-risk offspring.

Methods: Offspring selected for having a depressed parent and offspring of nondepressed parents were evaluated for lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) in childhood and adolescence, and at 10-year (T10) and 20-year (T20) follow-ups.

Impact of early adolescent anxiety disorders on self-esteem development from adolescence to young adulthood.

Purpose: To examine the association between early adolescent anxiety disorders and self-esteem development from early adolescence through young adulthood.

Methods: Self-esteem was measured at mean ages 13, 16, and 22 for 821 participants from the Children in the Community Study, a population-based longitudinal cohort. Anxiety disorders were measured at mean age 13 years.

The MAOA gene predicts happiness in women.

Psychologists, quality of life and well-being researchers have grown increasingly interested in understanding the factors that are associated with human happiness. Although twin studies estimate that genetic factors account for 35-50% of the variance in human happiness, knowledge of specific genes is limited. However, recent advances in molecular genetics can now provide a window into neurobiological markers of human happiness.

Life values and mental health: A longitudinal study comparing chronically ill women to women without chronic disease.

We tested the hypothesis that among women who are chronically ill, a re-ordering of life values maintains mental health. A community-based prospective longitudinal study was conducted in which data were obtained from 601 women in 1986, when the women were with mean age 42 and again in 2003, when the women were with mean age 58. There was a significant change in life values as women aged with more change among women with chronic disease (n = 476) than those without chronic disease (n = 125).

Minor depression during adolescence and mental health outcomes during adulthood.

Data from a community-based prospective longitudinal study were used to investigate the association of minor depressive disorder during adolescence with adverse mental health outcomes during adulthood. Structured diagnostic interviews were administered to a community-based sample of 755 individuals during adolescence and adulthood. Results indicated that minor depressive disorder during adolescence was associated with elevated risk for subsequent psychiatric disorders during adulthood, including major depressive disorder, >or= 1 disruptive disorders and clinically relevant impairment after corresponding and co-occurring disorders were controlled statistically.

School climate and continuity of adolescent personality disorder symptoms.

Background: Schools are key social contexts for shaping development and behavior in youths; yet, little is known of their influence on adolescent personality disturbance.

Method: A community-based sample of 592 adolescents was assessed for family and school experiences, Axis I psychiatric disorders, and Axis II personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and followed into young adulthood. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate associations between adolescent-reported school climate and young adult PD symptoms independent of age, sex, family socioeconomic status; childhood maltreatment; Axis I disorder, PD symptoms, academic grades, and parental punishment in adolescence; and four dimensions of school climate.

Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women.

Objective: Despite evidence that stress exposure earlier in the life course may have long-term consequences for psychopathology, most models of vulnerability for late life depression are limited to current stressors or to retrospective reports of stress history. This study estimates the influences of earlier stressors assessed longitudinally on subsequent major depressive disorder (MDD) in women at average age 60 (range 50-75).

Method: MDD, negative life events (NLE), and marital stress were assessed multiple times in a community-based sample of 565 women followed for three decades.

Psychiatric disorders during adolescence and relationships with peers from age 17 to age 27.

Objective: To investigate normative patterns of peer relationships from ages 17 to 27, and to examine the impact of adolescent psychiatric disorders on peer relationships.

Method: Psychiatric disorders were measured at a mean age 16 years. At mean age 29, 200 participants completed detailed narrative interviews about their transition to adulthood.

Cumulative prevalence of personality disorders between adolescence and adulthood.

Objective: To investigate the cumulative prevalence of personality disorder (PD) among adults in the community, based on prospective longitudinal data from a series of psychiatric interviews.

Method: Psychiatric interviews were administered to a regionally representative community-based sample of 568 individuals in 1983 (mean age = 14), 1985-1986 (mean age = 16), 1991-1993 (mean age = 22), and 2001-2004 (mean age 33).

Results: The point prevalence of any current DSM-IV PD, including depressive PD and passive-aggressive PD, varied between 12.

Development and validation of a new procedure for the diagnostic assessment of personality disorder: the Multidimensional Personality Disorder Rating Scale (MPDRS).

Data from a community-based prospective longitudinal study were used to investigate the utility of a structured assessment of the DSM-IV General Diagnostic Criteria for a Personality Disorder (PD). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV PDs (SCID-II) was administered to 154 adults. After completing the interview, an experienced clinician assessed the General Diagnostic Criteria for a PD using a structured rating scale.

Comorbid Axis I and Axis II disorders in early adolescence: outcomes 20 years later.

Context: Although Axis II personality disorders in adolescence have been linked to psychopathology and psychosocial impairment in early adulthood, little is known about their effects over longer periods.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare long-term prognoses of adolescent personality disorders and co-occurring Axis I disorders.

Design: Population-based longitudinal study.

Socioeconomic background and the developmental course of schizotypal and borderline personality disorder symptoms.

Low socioeconomic status (SES) background has been identified as a risk for several mental disorders. However evidence regarding SES and the developmental course of personality disorder (PD) has not been addressed. Nor is it clear whether an SES relationship to PD symptom course may be attributable to known associated risks.

Parental concordance and offspring risk for anxiety, conduct, depressive, and substance use disorders.

Background: Although parental concordance for any psychiatric disorder is known to be associated with elevated risk for offspring disorder, little evidence is currently available from prospective longitudinal studies regarding the association of parental concordance with offspring risk for anxiety, conduct, depressive, and substance use disorders.

Sampling And Methods: Psychiatric interviews were conducted with 593 mothers and their biological offspring at mean offspring ages 14, 16, 22, and 33.

Results: Offspring risk for >or=1 psychiatric disorder was significantly greater if both parents had a lifetime history of psychiatric disorder than if only one parent had a lifetime history of disorder.

Cohort differences in self-rated health: evidence from a three-decade, community-based, longitudinal study of women.

Despite the fact that life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century, the US public has become increasingly preoccupied with issues of health and illness. In this study, the authors investigated cohort differences in self-rated health between women born in 1935-1944 (preboomers) and women born in 1945-1954 (baby boomers). A randomly selected, community-based sample of 618 mothers, 314 preboomers, and 304 baby boomers was interviewed.

Extensive television viewing and the development of attention and learning difficulties during adolescence.

Objective: To investigate the association of television viewing with educational and intellectual outcomes during adolescence and early adulthood.

Design: Prospective epidemiological study.

Setting: Families participating in the Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, were interviewed at mean offspring ages 14, 16, and 22 years.

Associations of parental personality disorders and axis I disorders with childrearing behavior.

Data from the Children in the Community Study, a community-based longitudinal investigation, were used to investigate the associations of parental anxiety, depressive, substance use, and personality disorders with parental child rearing behavior. Comprehensive psychosocial interviews, including assessments of child rearing, were conducted with 224 women and 153 men (mean age = 33 years; mean off- spring age = 8 years). Findings indicated that parental personality disorders were associated with parental possessiveness, inconsistent parental discipline, low parental communication, and low parental praise and encouragement.

Early-life risk factors for late-onset depression.

Objective: To assess differences between women with no history of depression (No MDD), early-onset depression (EOD), and late-onset depression (LOD) on psychosocial risk factors (marital conflict and lack of social support), neuroticism, and overall self-rated health.

Method: Diagnostic data from a community-based longitudinal study of women at mean ages 39, 42, 48, and 59 was used to create three groups of women (No MDD, EOD and LOD). These groups were then compared on psychosocial, personality, and overall health risk assessed approximately 10 years prior to diagnosis.

Social role and birth cohort influences on gender-linked personality traits in women: a 20-year longitudinal analysis.

Growth curve modeling was used to examine the impact of social role experiences (e.g., marital support, occupational prestige) and birth cohort on mean-level differences and age-related changes in positive personality traits indicative of either femininity or masculinity in 758 mothers heterogeneous in age, assessed 4 times over 2 decades.