Racial Differences in Nursing Home Quality of Life Among Residents Living With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

ObjectivesAmong nursing home (NH) residents with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD), racial/ethnic disparities in quality of care exist. However, little is known about quality of life (QoL). This study examines racial/ethnic differences in self-reported QoL among NH residents with AD/ADRD.

Diagnosing Prostate Cancer: The Role of Intravesical Prostatic Gland Protrusion on Accuracy of Prostate Biopsies.

Purpose: We evaluated the association between intravesical prostate protrusion (IPP) and the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion targeted biopsy (TB).

Materials And Methods: A total of 538 consecutive men who underwent MRI-TRUS fusion TB and concomitant systematic biopsy were evaluated. IPP on MRI was independently measured by 4 blinded reviewers.

Longitudinal Comparison of Stability and Sensitivity in Quality of Life Scores Among Nursing Home Residents With and Without Diagnoses of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Background And Objectives: Prevalence of nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has increased along with a growing consensus that person-centered ADRD care in nursing homes should maximize quality of life (QoL). However, concerns about whether residents with ADRD can make appropriate QoL judgments persist. This study assesses the stability and sensitivity of a self-reported, multidomain well-being QoL measure for nursing home residents with and without ADRD.

Racial Disparities at Mixed-Race and Minority Hospitals : Treatment of African American Males With High-Grade Splenic Injuries.

Introduction: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in health access and outcomes for many conditions is well known. However, for time-sensitive high-acuity diseases such as traumatic injuries, disparities in access and outcomes should be significantly diminished. Our primary objective was to characterize racial disparities across majority, mixed-race, and minority hospitals for African American ([AA] vs White) males with high-grade splenic injuries.

Risk of Genitourinary Malignancy in the Renal Transplant Patient.

Objective: To better understand the risk of genitourinary malignancies in the renal transplant patient. Currently, no consensus exists regarding screening and intervention, with much of the clinical decision-making based on historical practices established before recent progress in immunosuppression protocols and in genitourinary cancer diagnosis and management.

Methods: A database of all solid organ transplants performed at the University of Minnesota from 1984 to 2019 was queried for renal transplant recipients in whom development of subsequent urologic malignancies (prostate, bladder, renal, penile, and testicular cancer) was found.

Racial Disparities at Mixed-Race and Minority Hospitals: Treatment of African American Males With High-Grade Splenic Injuries.

Introduction: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in health access and outcomes for many conditions are well known. However, for time-sensitive high-acuity diseases such as traumatic injuries, disparities in access and outcomes should be significantly diminished. Our primary objective was to characterize racial disparities across majority, mixed-race, and minority hospitals for African American (AA) versus white males with high-grade splenic injuries.

Disparities in Bladder Cancer Treatment and Survival Amongst Elderly Patients with a Pre-existing Mental Illness.

Background: Pre-existing mental illness is known to adversely impact cancer care and outcomes, but this is yet to be assessed in the bladder cancer setting.

Objective: To characterize the patterns of care and survival of elderly patients with a pre-existing mental illness diagnosed with bladder cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare.

Penetrating Colon Trauma Outcomes in Black and White Males.

Introduction: Racial disparities have been both published and disputed in trauma patient mortality, outcomes, and rehabilitation. In this study, the objective was to assess racial disparities in patients with penetrating colon trauma.

Methods: The National Trauma Data Bank was searched for males aged ≥14years from 2010 through 2014 who underwent operative intervention for penetrating colon trauma.

Racial and Geographic Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma disproportionately affects minorities. Southern states have high proportions of black populations and prevalence of known risk factors. Further research is needed to understand the role of southern geography in hepatocellular carcinoma disparities.

Health System Affiliation and 30-Day Readmission After Heart Attack in Black Men.

Introduction: Black patients who experience acute myocardial infarction and receive care in high minority-serving hospitals have higher readmission rates. This study explores how hospital system affiliation (centralized versus decentralized/independent) impacts 30-day readmissions after acute myocardial infarction in black men.

Methods: In 2018, the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database (2009-2013) was used to observe 30-day readmission for acute myocardial infarction by race, and data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals (2009-2013) to determine hospital system affiliation for the states Arizona, California, North Carolina, and Wisconsin.

Racial Disparities in Surgical Outcomes Among Males Following Major Urologic Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Disparities in healthcare outcomes between races have been extensively described; however, studies fail to characterize the contribution of differences in distribution of covariates between groups and the impact of discrimination. This study aims to characterize the degree to which clinicodemographic factors and unmeasured confounders are contributing to any observed disparities between non-Hispanic white and black males on surgical outcomes after major urologic cancer surgery.

Methods: Non-Hispanic white and black males undergoing radical cystectomy, nephrectomy, or prostatectomy for cancer in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2007 to 2016 were included in this analysis.

Increased Surgical Complications in Smokers Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.

Background: Not only is smoking a risk factor for the development of bladder cancer, it has also been implicated in increasing surgical morbidity and mortality. In general, the demographic and clinical characteristics of smokers are different to non-smokers which can bias the results of the impact of smoking.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of smoking on radical cystectomy outcomes.

Finasteride does not prevent bladder cancer: A secondary analysis of the Medical Therapy for Prostatic Symptoms Study.

Background: Preclinical models have demonstrated that androgen receptor modulation can influence bladder carcinogenesis with an inverse association observed between serum androgen levels and bladder cancer (BC) incidence. It is still unclear whether 5α-reductase inhibitors, by preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, have a similar effect. This study aims to evaluate whether dihydrotestosterone-mediated androgen activity has an impact on BC incidence in a cohort of men included in a clinical trial of finasteride vs.

A Simplified Frailty Index to Predict Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy.

Background: Traditional surgical risk indices are notoriously inaccurate, especially for the elderly, so there has been a trend to evaluate frailty instead.

Objective: To describe a simplified five-item frailty index for evaluating radical cystectomy outcomes and compare its predictive ability with other risk assessment tools for a total patient cohort and a subgroup of patients aged ≥65yr.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2007 to 2015 was queried for radical cystectomy cases for bladder cancer.

Decreased Use of Sphincter-Preserving Procedures Among African Americans with Rectal Cancer.

Background: Improved multimodality rectal cancer treatment has increased the use of sphincter-preserving surgery. This study sought to determine whether African American (AA) patients with rectal cancer receive sphincter-preserving surgery at the same rate as non-AA patients.

Methods: The study used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for years 1998-2012 to compare AA and non-AA patients with rectal cancer undergoing low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection.

Urethral Rest with Suprapubic Cystostomy for Obliterative or Nearly Obliterative Urethral Strictures: Urethrographic Changes and Implications for Management.

Purpose: Precise preoperative characterization of urethral stricture is important for surgical planning. A period of urethral rest by a suprapubic cystostomy tube may aid in stricture characterization and affect the surgical approach. In this study fellowship trained reconstructive urologists compared the radiographic characterization of anterior urethral strictures before and after a period of urethral rest.

Inverse probability of treatment-weighted competing risks analysis: an application on long-term risk of urinary adverse events after prostate cancer treatments.

Background: To illustrate the 10-year risks of urinary adverse events (UAEs) among men diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with different types of therapy, accounting for the competing risk of death.

Methods: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among adult males in the United States. Few studies have reported the long-term post-treatment risk of UAEs and those that have, have not appropriately accounted for competing deaths.

Long-term Risk of Urinary Adverse Events in Curatively Treated Patients With Rectal Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis.

Background: Treatment modalities for rectal cancer, including radiation, are associated with urinary adverse effects.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of surgery and radiation therapy for rectal cancer on long-term urinary complications.

Design: Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data set from the United States, patients with rectal cancer older than 66 years of age who underwent rectal resection between 1992 and 2007 were stratified into treatment groups that accounted for surgical resection and the timing of radiation therapy, if used.

The burden of chronic ureteral stenting in cervical cancer survivors.

Purpose: Ureteral obstruction in cervical cancer occurs in up to 11% of patients, many of whom undergo ureteral stenting. Our aim was to describe the patient burden of chronic ureteral stenting in a population-based cohort by detailing two objectives: (1) the frequency of repeat procedures for ureteral obstruction; and, (2) the frequency of urinary adverse effects (UAEs) (e.g.

Racial Disparities in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Active surveillance protocols track low risk prostate cancer progression over time. However, given the lack of uniform criteria for managing low risk prostate cancer, men who qualify for active surveillance might have less intensive surveillance and, thus, experience poorer outcomes. In this study we examined racial disparities in the frequency and intensity of active surveillance between African-American and Caucasian men.