Staff training in physical interventions: a literature review.

Background: Restrictive practices are used frequently by frontline staff in a variety of care contexts, including psychiatric hospitals, children's services, and support services for older adults and individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Physical restraint has been associated with emotional harm, physical injury to staff and consumers, and has even resulted in death of individuals in care environments. Various interventions have been implemented within care settings with the intention of reducing instances of restraint.