Delayed diagnosis of new onset pediatric diabetes leading to diabetic ketoacidosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Patients with a delayed diagnosis of diabetes are more likely to present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of missed pediatric diabetes diagnoses in emergency departments (EDs) potentially leading to DKA.

Methods: Cases of children under 19 years old with a first-time diagnosis of diabetes mellitus presenting to EDs in DKA were drawn from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database.

Do FETO CDH survivors need the same follow-up program as non-FETO patients?

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors are at risk of developing significant chronic health conditions and disabilities. The main purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of CDH infants at 2 years of age (2y) according to whether the infants had undergone fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) during the prenatal period and characterize the relationship between morbidity at 2y and perinatal characteristics. Retrospective cohort single center study.

Echocardiographic Markers of Mild Pulmonary Hypertension are not Correlated with Worse Respiratory Outcomes in Infants with Bronchiolitis.

Pulmonary hypertension has been reported as a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of severe bronchiolitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in patients with bronchiolitis and to analyze their correlation with clinical outcomes. This prospective cohort study examined children admitted for bronchiolitis.

Cardiac function in bronchiolitis: Not only a right ventricle matter.

Objectives: Extrapulmonary manifestations of bronchiolitis have been previously studied, with some identifying right ventricle (RV) diastolic/systolic dysfunction. We hypothesized that severe cases of bronchiolitis would have cardiac dysfunction resulting an increase in N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values and worse outcomes. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the existence of cardiac dysfunction and to determine its association with severe bronchiolitis.

Follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance in children with vaccine-associated myocarditis.

Unlabelled: Myocarditis is a rare complication of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We previously reported a case series of 15 adolescents with vaccine-associated myocarditis, 87% of whom had abnormalities on initial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 80%. We performed follow-up CMRs to determine the trajectory of myocardial recovery and better understand the natural history of vaccine-associated myocarditis.

Oxidative Stress and Indicators of Brain Damage Following Pediatric Heart Surgery.

Pediatric cardiac surgery induces an increased oxidative stress (OS) response. Increased OS is associated with poor neurologic outcomes in neonatal populations with similar patterns of brain injury. We investigated OS and brain injury in infants undergoing heart surgery.

Effects of Hypothermia and Allopurinol on Oxidative Status in a Rat Model of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality during the neonatal period, despite treatment with hypothermia. There is evidence that oxidative damage plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Our aim was to investigate whether postnatal allopurinol administration in combination with hypothermia would reduce oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in an animal model of HIE.

Oxidative stress response in children undergoing cardiac surgery: Utility of the clearance of isoprostanes.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery (CS) in pediatric patients induces an overt oxidative stress (OS) response. Children are particularly vulnerable to OS related injury. The immaturity of their organs and antioxidant systems as well as the induction of OS in cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery may have an important impact on outcomes.

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits.

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical characteristics, which is further complicated in the case of the newborn. Of the different methods of advanced airway management, endotracheal intubation is less aggressive than tracheostomy, and is more feasible than supraglottic management given the lack of supraglottic devices of such a small size.

Role of beta-2-microglobulin as a biomarker in very preterm and extremely preterm infants with CNS inflammation.

Background: Premature infants are at risk for severe sepsis and meningitis, both infections associated with high mortality and morbidity. Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) culture is the gold standard method for meningitis diagnosis, but interpretation of biochemical parameters of CSF is essential at the moment of the analysis in order to start the appropriate treatment. The main objective of this study was to determine whether levels of CSF beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) were elevated in preterm infants with CNS infections or other inflammatory processes, and to establish if there were differences in B2M concentrations amongst various inflammatory settings (sepsis, meningitis, and progressive post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD)).

Angptl4 links α-cell proliferation following glucagon receptor inhibition with adipose tissue triglyceride metabolism.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a reduction in insulin function and an increase in glucagon activity that together result in hyperglycemia. Glucagon receptor antagonists have been developed as drugs for diabetes; however, they often increase glucagon plasma levels and induce the proliferation of glucagon-secreting α-cells. We find that the secreted protein Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) is up-regulated via Pparγ activation in white adipose tissue and plasma following an acute treatment with a glucagon receptor antagonist.

Hormonal therapy is associated with a lower prevalence of breast arterial calcification on mammography.

Objective: To bring further understanding to the relationship between hormonal therapy (HT) and breast arterial calcification (BAC).

Methods: Of women arriving for breast cancer screening mammography, 1995 consented to complete a survey and have their mammograms analyzed for the presence of BAC. The survey assessed HT use and major risk factors for CAD.