Percutaneous recanalization of non-cirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children: technical considerations in a preliminary cohort.

Objectives: Portal hypertension resulting from non-cirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) in children has been primarily managed with the Meso-Rex bypass, but only a few patients have a viable Rex recessus, required by surgery. This study reports a preliminary series of patients who underwent interventional radiology attempts at portal vein recanalization (PVR), with a focus on technical aspects and safety.

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients with severe portal hypertension due to non-cirrhotic EHPVO at a single institution from 2022, who underwent percutaneous attempts at PVR, was performed.

Long-term outcome of combined radiologic and surgical strategy for the management of biliary complications after pediatric liver transplantation.

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the risk factors for management failure of BC after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) by retrospectively analyzing primary pLT performed between 1997 and 2018 (n = 620 patients).

Results: In all, 117/620 patients (19%) developed BC. The median (range) follow-up was 9 (1.

European Society of Pediatric Radiology survey of perioperative imaging in pediatric liver transplantation: (3) postoperative imaging.

Background: Liver transplantation is the state-of-the-art curative treatment for end-stage liver disease. Imaging is a key element in the detection of postoperative complications. So far, limited data is available regarding the best radiologic approach to monitor children after liver transplantation.

MR and Ultrasound Elastography for Fibrosis Assessment in Children: Practical Implementation and Supporting Evidence- Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Quantitative MRI and ultrasound biomarkers of liver fibrosis have become important tools in the diagnosis and clinical management of children with chronic liver disease (CLD). In particular, MR elastography is now routinely performed in clinical practice to evaluate the liver for fibrosis. Ultrasound shear-wave elastography has also become widely performed for this purpose, especially in young children.

Image-guided core-needle or surgical biopsy for neuroblastoma diagnosis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the International Society of Pediatric Surgical Oncology (IPSO).

Background: Image-guided core-needle biopsy (IGCNB) is a widely used and valuable clinical tool for tissue diagnosis of pediatric neuroblastoma. However, open surgical biopsy remains common practice even if children undergo more invasive and painful procedures. This review aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy and safety of IGCNBs in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.

Intussusception reduction methods in daily practice-a survey by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Abdominal Imaging Taskforce.

Background: Image-guided intussusception reduction has been practised internationally for many decades. The use of different modalities, delayed repeat attempts, and sedation/anaesthesia are unknown.

Objective: To survey the practice of image-guided intussusception reduction.

European Society of Pediatric Radiology survey of perioperative imaging in pediatric liver transplantation: (1) pre-transplant evaluation.

Background: Liver transplantation is the state-of-the-art curative treatment in end-stage liver disease. Imaging is a key element for successful organ-transplantation to assist surgical planning. So far, only limited data regarding the best radiological approach to prepare children for liver transplantation is available.

Pediatric hepatic hemangiomas: spectrum and prognostic significance of initial ultrasound findings.

Background: Hepatic hemangiomas may be associated with serious complications; however, it is unknown whether ultrasound (US) features can predict complications.

Objective: To analyze initial US features of hepatic hemangiomas predictive of complications.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of clinical, biological, and imaging data of infants with hepatic hemangioma between 2000 and 2018.

Outcomes of 38 patients with PFIC3: Impact of genotype and of response to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy.

Background & Aims: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a rare liver disease caused by biallelic variations in . Data reporting on the impact of genotype and of response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy on long-term outcomes are scarce.

Methods: We retrospectively describe a cohort of 38 patients with PFIC3 with a median age at last follow-up of 19.

Anomalies of the fetal gallbladder: pre-and postnatal correlations.

The gallbladder is not part of the standard survey of a fetus during obstetrical ultrasound. Yet, some anomalies can be detected. Most are clinically benign, but some are features of or associated with more serious complications.

International registry of congenital porto-systemic shunts: a multi-centre, retrospective and prospective registry of neonates, children and adults with congenital porto-systemic shunts.

Background: Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular malformations associated with the risk of life-threatening systemic conditions, which remain underdiagnosed and often are identified after considerable diagnostic delay. CPSS are characterized by multiple signs and symptoms, often masquerading as other conditions, progressing over time if the shunt remains patent. Which patients will benefit from shunt closure remains to be clarified, as does the timing and method of closure.

Imaging strategy for focal nodular hyperplasia in children: long-term experience from two specialist European centres.

Background: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in children is a rare but benign tumour, which must be differentiated from malignant entities to avoid unnecessary treatment, leading to potential morbidity.

Objectives: To provide data on imaging findings of these lesions with a suggested algorithm for diagnosis, sampling and follow-up.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective review evaluated imaging of all patients diagnosed with FNH in two tertiary referral centres in Europe between 1975 and 2018.

Imaging of anorectal malformations: where are we now? Abdominal imaging task force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology.

Anorectal and cloacal malformations are a broad mix of congenital abnormalities related to the distal rectum and anus. Confusion exists between all the forms in this large and heterogeneous group. The spectrum includes everything from anal stenosis, ventral anus, anal atresia (with and without fistula) and the full spectrum of cloacal malformations.

Spontaneous evolution patterns of focal congenital hepatic hemangiomas: a case series of 25 patients.

Background: Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors of infancy. They are termed congenital if fully developed at birth or infantile if they appear in the first weeks of life. Previous studies suggested that most focal hepatic hemangiomas are congenital in nature, exhibit no postnatal growth and have an evolution that parallels their cutaneous counterparts.

Presentation of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Children.

Background: Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular anomalies resulting in communications between the portal venous system and the systemic venous circulation, affecting an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 live births. CPSS can present at any age as a multi-system disease of variable severity mimicking both common and rare pediatric conditions.

Case Presentations: Case A: A vascular malformation was identified in the liver of a 10-year-old girl with tall stature, advanced somatic maturation, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia and transient hematuria.

Comparison of Transient Elastography, ShearWave Elastography, Magnetic Resonance Elastography and FibroTest as routine diagnostic markers for assessing liver fibrosis in children with Cystic Fibrosis.

Background And Objective: Reliable markers are needed for early diagnosis and follow-up of liver disease in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Transient Elastography (TE), Real-Time ShearWave Ultrasound Elastography (SWE), Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) and the FibroTest as markers of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease (CFLD).

Methods: A monocentric prospective cross-modality comparison study was proposed to all children (6 to 18 years of age) attending the CF center.

Radiologic follow-up in Fontan-associated liver disease in Europe: European Society of Paediatric Radiology survey demonstrates the need for a consensus protocol.

Fontan surgery is a life-saving procedure for newborns with complex cardiac malformations, but it originates complications in different organs. The liver is also affected, with development of fibrosis and sometimes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no general agreement on how to follow-up these children for the development of liver disease.

Surveillance of Fontan-associated liver disease: current standards and a proposal from the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Abdominal Task Force.

Since Francis Fontan first introduced the eponymous technique, the Fontan procedure, this type of surgical palliation has allowed thousands of children affected by specific heart malformations to reach adulthood. Nevertheless, abdominal, thoracic, lymphatic and neurologic complications are the price that is paid by these patients. Our review focuses on Fontan-associated liver disease; the purpose is to summarize the current understanding of its physiopathology, the aim of follow-up and the specific radiologic follow-up performed in Europe.