Pain Catastrophizing and Substance Misuse: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Background: Pain catastrophizing, or the interpretation of pain as unbearable or intolerable, can increase pain-related anxiety and severity. High levels of pain catastrophizing have also been linked to substance use, particularly for substances with analgesic properties. Importantly, behavioral treatments can reduce pain catastrophizing, making them promising interventions for mitigating pain-related substance use.

Fundamentals of DNA methylation in development.

DNA methyation is critical to regulation of gene expression especially during developmentally dynamic changes. A large proportion occurs at CpG (a cytosine followed by a guanine nucleotide) sites and impacts gene expression based on location, timing and level of DNA methylation. The spectrum of effects produced by DNA methylation ranges from inhibition to enhancement of gene expression.

Lived experience consultants to a child sexual abuse inquiry: Survivor epistemology as a counterweight to legal and administrative proceduralism.

Background: The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) in England and Wales was the first major child abuse inquiry internationally to appoint survivors to a formal role. The appointment of the Victims and Survivors Consultative Panel (VSCP) reflects growing recognition of the value of lived experience expertise and a broader shift in the policy domain towards public involvement and co-design.

Objective: This article draws on research that sought to understand both the experiences of a group of victims and survivors with related professional expertise consulting to a public inquiry, and the impact they had on the operation of the inquiry.

Pharmacotherapy of BPD: Current status & future perspectives.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a disease exclusive to prematurity and has changed in its definition since Northway first described it in 1967. There have been countless clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of drugs in the treatment and prevention of BPD in human subjects, and an even larger number of animal studies. Despite these, only a handful of drugs are used at the bedside today, primarily due to the lack of consistent efficacy seen in clinical trials or due to reports of adverse effects.

The truth project- paper two- using staff training and consultation to inculcate a testimonial sensibility in non-specialist staff teams working with survivors of child sexual abuse.

This paper explores how trauma informed training and consultation for non-specialist staff at the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in England and Wales enabled them to work with survivors of non-recent child sexual abuse in the Truth Project and other areas of the Inquiry. The paper draws on data gathered from 32 semi-structured interviews with a range of Inquiry staff, including civil servants, legal professionals, senior operational managers, and researchers. The interview questions mapped on to the trauma informed principles embedded in the Inquiry and considered the efficacy and implementation of this training for engaging with survivors' voices, working with challenging testimonies and materials, and contributing to epistemic change.

Real-World Sarilumab Use and Rule Testing to Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Findings from the RISE Registry.

Introduction: Clinical trial findings may not be generalizable to routine practice. This study evaluated sarilumab effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tested the real-world applicability of a response prediction rule, derived from trial data using machine learning (based on C-reactive protein [CRP] > 12.3 mg/l and seropositivity [anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, ACPA +]).

The truth project paper one-how did victims and survivors experience participation? Addressing epistemic relational inequality in the field of child sexual abuse.

The last 30 years has seen an exponential increase in Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiries. One feature of these has been to place adult survivor voices at the center of Inquiry work, meaning that child abuse victims and survivors are engaging with Inquiries, sharing their experiences, with this participation often presented as empowering and healing. This initiative challenges long held beliefs that child sexual abuse survivors are unreliable witnesses, which has led to epistemic injustice and a hermeneutical lacunae in survivor testimony.

Segmentation of beating embryonic heart structures from 4-D OCT images using deep learning.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to investigate heart development because of its capability to image both structure and function of beating embryonic hearts. Cardiac structure segmentation is a prerequisite for the quantification of embryonic heart motion and function using OCT. Since manual segmentation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, an automatic method is needed to facilitate high-throughput studies.

Project EPIC (Early Palliative Care In COPD): A Formative and Summative Evaluation of the EPIC Telehealth Intervention.

Context: Early, concurrent palliative care interventions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited. Project EPIC (Early Palliative Care In COPD) is a multiphase mixed methods study working to fill this gap.

Objectives: To conduct a formative and summative evaluation of EPIC, a telephonic nurse coach-led early palliative care intervention for COPD adapted from the ENABLE© intervention in cancer.

The neuroscience of spirituality, religion, and mental health: A systematic review and synthesis.

Prior research highlights the importance of spirituality/religion (S/R) as it relates to several aspects of mental health and clinical interventions. This research has been expanded to include the concurrent examination of neurobiological correlates of S/R to elucidate potential biological mechanisms. However, the majority of neurobiological research on S/R has neglected mental health, and the relationship across all three of these domains (S/R, mental health, and neurobiology) remains unclear.

Prenatal ethanol exposure impairs the conduction delay at the atrioventricular junction in the looping heart.

The etiology of ethanol-related congenital heart defects has been the focus of much study, but most research has concentrated on cellular and molecular mechanisms. We have shown with optical coherence tomography (OCT) that ethanol exposure led to increased retrograde flow and smaller atrioventricular (AV) cushions compared with controls. Since AV cushions play a role in patterning the conduction delay at the atrioventricular junction (AVJ), this study aims to investigate whether ethanol exposure alters the AVJ conduction in early looping hearts and whether this alteration is related to the decreased cushion size.

A Computational Framework for Identifying Promoter Sequences in Nonmodel Organisms Using RNA-seq Data Sets.

Engineering microorganisms into biological factories that convert renewable feedstocks into valuable materials is a major goal of synthetic biology; however, for many nonmodel organisms, we do not yet have the genetic tools, such as suites of strong promoters, necessary to effectively engineer them. In this work, we developed a computational framework that can leverage standard RNA-seq data sets to identify sets of constitutive, strongly expressed genes and predict strong promoter signals within their upstream regions. The framework was applied to a diverse collection of RNA-seq data measured for the methanotroph 5GB1 and identified 25 genes that were constitutively, strongly expressed across 12 experimental conditions.

Glutathione Protects the Developing Heart from Defects and Global DNA Hypomethylation Induced by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the intake of ethanol (C H OH) during pregnancy. Features of FASD cover a range of structural and functional defects including congenital heart defects (CHDs). Folic acid and choline, contributors of methyl groups to one-carbon metabolism (OCM), prevent CHDs in humans.

Elevation through reflection: closing the circle to improve librarianship.

Reflective practice is a strategy promoted as a way to improve professional performance and to develop expertise. Intentional reflection on work situations can lead to improved understanding of a specific situation, identify strategies for similar situations in the future, and uncover assumptions that hinder service to patrons. Research has identified lack of knowledge to be a barrier to health sciences librarians engaging in reflective practice.

A Formative Evaluation of Patient and Family Caregiver Perspectives on Early Palliative Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease across Disease Severity.

Little direction exists on how to integrate early palliative care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We sought to identify patient and family caregiver early palliative care needs across stages of COPD severity. As part of the Medical Research Council Framework developmental phase for intervention development, we conducted a formative evaluation of patients with moderate to very severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV]/FVC < 70% and FEV < 80%-predicted) and their family caregivers.

Increased regurgitant flow causes endocardial cushion defects in an avian embryonic model of congenital heart disease.

Background: The relationship between changes in endocardial cushion and resultant congenital heart diseases (CHD) has yet to be established. It has been shown that increased regurgitant flow early in embryonic heart development leads to endocardial cushion defects, but it remains unclear how abnormal endocardial cushions during the looping stages might affect the fully septated heart. The goal of this study was to reproducibly alter blood flow in vivo and then quantify the resultant effects on morphology of endocardial cushions in the looping heart and on CHDs in the septated heart.

An exploratory, randomized controlled trial of adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia.

Poor adherence limits the effectiveness of antipsychotic treatment in people with psychosis. The aim of the pragmatic, exploratory, single-masked trial conducted in the USA was to explore the efficacy, acceptability, and satisfaction with adherence therapy (AT) in a sample of people with schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients (12 experimental and 14 controls) were randomly allocated to receive eight weekly sessions of AT or continue with their treatment as usual (TAU).

MRI as a problem-solving tool in unexplained failed total hip replacement following conventional assessment.

Objective: To evaluate MRI as a problem-solving tool for patients with an unexplained failed total hip replacement following conventional radiological assessment.

Methods And Materials: Patients' informed consent was obtained in all cases. Institutional review board approval was obtained.

MR imaging of groin pain in the athlete.

Groin pain is a frequently encountered symptom in the athlete. The differential diagnosis for an athlete presenting with groin pain is broad and diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in reaching the correct diagnosis, allowing appropriate therapy to be instituted. In this article we present the radiological differential diagnosis of athletes presenting with groin pain.